Sustaining the low-carbon emission development in Asia and beyond: Sustainable energy, water, transportation and low-carbon emission technology

Climate change is global issues with significant economic, social and environmental implications. Climate change mitigation in Asia has large impacts on global CO2 emission reduction. CO2 emission is the largest source of greenhouse gas emission constitutes about 65% of the total emission. Low-carbon Society initiative is one of the various mechanisms that have been deployed to achieve green economic growth, societal well-being and development, environmental preservation and management in a holistic manner. Energy efficiency improvement in Asia will be a key factor to tackle the climate change issues. Water and energy conservation, green transportation and low emission technology are the key aspects to catalyse the shift towards climate-resilient economic growth. The latest developments in these aspects are reviewed in this special volume to sustain the development of low-carbon emission in Asian countries. The use of holistic management system to integrate these key areas for long-term sustainability goal is also highlighted

Mathematical modelling of the thermal and hydraulic behaviour of plate heat exchanger in the fouling conditions

The mathematical model of Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) subjected to fouling is proposed. It is represented by the system of ordinary differential equations. The model is accounting for the distribution of process parameters along the PHE channel that allows predicting fouling development in time at different locations along the channel length. The development of the fouling deposit is accounted with the fouling model presented by the equation in dimensionless form. The relative influence of different terms is characterized by empirical coefficients which can be identified with the data of monitoring the PHE thermal and hydraulic performance. The model allows also the prediction of pressure drop variation in PHE with the development of fouling deposition layer and respective reduction in channels cross-section area. The application of the model and its accuracy is demonstrated with two case studies considering the monitoring of PHEs thermal and hydraulic performance in the industry at sugar factory and in District Heating system

NeuralHydrology -- Interpreting LSTMs in Hydrology

Despite the huge success of Long Short-Term Memory networks, their applications in environmental sciences are scarce. We argue that one reason is the difficulty to interpret the internals of trained networks. In this study, we look at the application of LSTMs for rainfall-runoff forecasting, one of the central tasks in the field of hydrology, in which the river discharge has to be predicted from meteorological observations. LSTMs are particularly well-suited for this problem since memory cells can represent dynamic reservoirs and storages, which are essential components in state-space modelling approaches of the hydrological system. On basis of two different catchments, one with snow influence and one without, we demonstrate how the trained model can be analyzed and interpreted. In the process, we show that the network internally learns to represent patterns that are consistent with our qualitative understanding of the hydrological system.Comment: Pre-print of published book chapter. See journal reference and DOI for more inf

Mathematical model of plate heat exchanger for utilisation of waste heat from condensable gaseous streams

The mathematical model of vapour condensation from the mixture with noncondensing gas in Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) channels is presented. The model accounts for the change of process parameters along the heat transfer surface and local features of heat and mass transfer processes in PHEs channels with plates of different corrugations geometry. It consists of the system of ordinary differential equations with considerably nonlinear right parts. The software for its solution by finite difference method is developed. The validity of the model is confirmed by comparison with the experiment for steam-air mixture condensation in a PHE channel sample