E-OBS precipitation dataset v12.0 0.25 deg. regular grid

The datafile contains gridded data on a 0.25 degree regular grid of daily precipitation sums in mm. We acknowledge the E-OBS dataset from the EU-FP6 project ENSEMBLES (http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com) and the data providers in the ECA&D project (http://www.ecad.eu

Widespread and Accelerated Decrease of Observed Mean and Extreme Snow Depth Over Europe

Accumulated snow amounts are a key climate change indicator. It combines the competing effects of climate change-driven changes in precipitation and stronger snowmelt related to increasing temperatures. Here we provide observational evidence from a pan-European in situ data set that mean snow depth generally decreases stronger than extreme snow depth. Widespread decreases in maximum and mean snow depth were found over Europe, except in the coldest climates, with an average decrease of −12.2%/decade for mean snow depth and −11.4%/decade for maximum snow depth since 1951. These trends accelerated after the 1980s. This has strong implications for the availability of freshwater in spring, while extremes in snow depth, usually very disruptive to society, are decreasing at a slower pace

Projections of precipitation extremes based on a regional, non-stationary peaks-over-threshold approach: A case study for the Netherlands and north-western Germany

Projections of extreme precipitation are of great importance, considering the potential severe impacts on society. In this study a recently developed regional, non-stationary peaks-over-threshold approach is applied to two transient simulations of the RACMO2 regional climate model for the period 1950–2100, driven by two different general circulation models. The regional approach reduces the estimation uncertainty compared to at-site approaches. The selection of a threshold for the peaks-over-threshold model is tackled from a new perspective, taking advantage of the regional setting. Further, a regional quantile regression model using a common relative trend in the threshold is introduced. A considerable bias in the extreme return levels is found with respect to gridded observations. This bias is corrected for by adjusting the parameters in the peaks-over-threshold model. In summer a significant increase in extreme precipitation over the study area is found for both RACMO2 simulations, mainly as a result of an increase of the variability of the excesses over the threshold. However, the magnitude of this trend in extreme summer precipitation depends on the driving general circulation model. In winter an increase in extreme precipitation corresponding with an increase in mean precipitation is found for both simulations. This trend is due to an increase of the threshold.Delft Institute of Applied MathematicsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Spatio‐temporal analysis for extreme temperature indices over the Levant region

Artículo revisado y aceptadoThe temporal and spatial trends of 16 climate extreme indices based on daily maxi-mum and minimum temperatures during the period 1987–2016 at 28 stations dis-tributed across Israel and Palestine territories in the Levant region were annuallyand seasonally analysed. The nonparametric Man-Kendall test and the Sen's slopeestimator were employed for the trend analysis. Results showed that the region hassignificantly experienced a dominant warming trend for the last three decades, withmore intense changes for minimum temperatures than for maximum. At annualscale, maximum values of minimum temperatures exhibited significant increasingtrends up to 0.68 C/decade. For percentile-based extreme temperature indices,changes detected were more pronounced than those for the absolute extreme tem-perature indices, with 93 and 89% of stations significantly showed increasingtrends in TX90p and TN90p, respectively. The duration and fixed thresholdextreme indices confirmed the trend toward a warming, with the 86% of the sta-tions exhibited significant increasing trends in the annual occurrence of summerdays (SU25) and tropical nights (TR20). Moreover, 57% of stations showed signifi-cant increasing trends in their very summer days (SU30) index. At seasonal scale,the analysis of trends for extreme temperature indices showed intense and broadsignificant increasing trends in all absolute extreme temperature indices. In sum-mer, more than 75% of total stations exhibited significant increasing trends forwarm days and warm nights (TX90p and TN90p). In winter and spring, 71% of thetotal stations also showed significant increasing trends in SU25 index, whereas thepercentage of stations reached 82% in summer and 64% in autumn for significantincreasing trends in TR20 index. Finally, the influence of large-scale circulationpatterns on temperature extremes was examined. The results highlighted the pres-ence of significant correlations between most of the selected extreme temperatureindices and the North Sea-Caspian pattern at annual and seasonal scales.Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de GranadaSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, with additional support from the European Community Funds (FEDER), projects CGL2013-48539-R and CGL2017-89836-