A history of Chʻeng-Han

This thesis centers on a family surnamed Li in the first half of the fourth century. The Lis were originally inhabitants of the eastern Szechwan region and belonged to the Indigenous non-Chinese grouping of that area, the Pa people, also referred to as the Lin Chun Man. They moved to the Shensi area around the beginning of the third century and returned to Szechwan a century later in a large group of migrants fleeing internal disorders and famine. In Szechwan they came into conflict with the local officials representing the Chin dynasty and eventually established an independent state there which existed from 306 to 347. The state was known first as Ch'eng and then, after 338, as Han. My thesis consists of introductory material followed by an annotated translation. In the introduction I first present a general overview of the history of the period and Ch'eng-Han's place in it. I then go on to discuss several aspects of the history of the state. First the Pa people and their origin myth centering on Lin Chun is discussed, then an investigation is made of the various sources for the history of Ch'eng-Han. It is determined that the primary surces are the works of Ch'ang Ch'ü, the Hua-yang kuo-chih and the Shu Li Shu, and that this Shu Li Shu or a section of the Shih-Liu kuo ch'un-ch'iu based upon it is the ultimate source of the Chin Shu account. Next the scale and historical import of the migrations of the period are considered and finally the relation of the Li family to religious Taoism, particularly with regard to Fan Ch'ang-sheng, is dealt with. This is followed by the translation. It is a conflation of a basic text, Chin Shu 120 and 121, with chapters 8 and 9 of the Hua-yang kuo-chih as well as occasional passages from other portions of these two works and the Wei Shu and the Shih-liu kuo ch'un-ch'iu, the last work being preserved only in quotations in later encyclopedia. My purpose in making this translation has been to present as complete as possible a record of the events important in the history of the Ch'eng-Han state.Arts, Faculty ofAsian Studies, Department ofGraduat

Codes of Ethics as Living Documents: The Case of the American Society for Public Administration

This article provides a framework for creating or revising a code of ethics. It discusses the classical notions of codes of ethics, conduct, and regulations, primarily based on level of abstraction. It also examines the two major issues in constructing codes as well as a series of technical challenges. This is a case study of the formal review process of ASPA’s 1994 code of ethics in 2001–2003. The history of this process is discussed, using an analytical framework. The conclusion emphasizes the virtues of having such a debate and the types of parameters necessary to maximize the value of dialogue