22 research outputs found

    Woher kommt der grĂŒne Wasserstoff?

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    GrĂŒner Wasserstoff ist eine Voraussetzung zur Errei- chung von KlimaneutralitĂ€t. Die Potenziale zur grĂŒ- nen Wasserstoffproduktion sind weltweit verteilt. Die technologische Weiterentwicklung in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energieerzeugung und Elektrolyse wird dazu fĂŒhren, dass die Gestehungskosten fĂŒr grĂŒnen Wasserstoff sich weltweit angleichen und andere Standortfaktoren stĂ€rker in den Vordergrund rĂŒcken. Dazu gehören die VerfĂŒgbarkeit von FlĂ€chen zur EE- Produktion und die Investitionssicherheit durch stabile politische Rahmenbedingungen. Auch Nach- haltigkeitskriterien z. B. bei der Wasserbereitstellung mĂŒssen berĂŒcksichtigt werden. Da schon bald grö- ßere Mengen an grĂŒnem Wasserstoff benötigt wer- den, sollten die weltweit vorhandenen nachhaltig nutzbaren Potenziale in internationaler Partnerschaft parallel ausgebaut werden. GrĂŒner Wasserstoff wird zum globalen Handeslgu

    Woher kommt der grĂŒne Wasserstoff?

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    Das Energiesystem der Zukunft wird stark durch Elektrifizierung geprĂ€gt sein. FĂŒr die Langzeitspeicherung von Energie sowie fĂŒr Bereiche, die sich nicht sinnvoll durch Strom defossilieren lassen, werden aber auch in Zukunft chemische EnergietrĂ€ger benötigt. Das Ziel der KlimaneutralitĂ€t bedingt, dass diese EnergietrĂ€ger vollstĂ€ndig emissionsfrei aus erneuerbaren Energien (EE) hergestellt werden. Diese grĂŒnen EnergietrĂ€ger sind transportier- und handelbar, sodass sich ein internationaler Markt fĂŒr grĂŒnen Wasserstoff und seine Folgeprodukte entwickeln wird. Derzeit gibt es diesen Markt noch nicht. GrĂŒner Wasserstoff ist preislich noch nicht konkurrenzfĂ€hig gegenĂŒber fossilen Brennstoffen. Den grĂ¶ĂŸten Anteil am Wasserstoffpreis haben die Kosten fĂŒr die Elektrolyseanlage sowie die Kosten fĂŒr die Strombereitstellung. Die besten Bedingungen fĂŒr die Wasserstoffproduktion bieten daher EE-Standorte und Technologien mit hohen Volllaststundenzahlen, an denen auch der Elektrolyseur bei wenig EE-Abregelung auf viele Betriebsstunden kommt

    Fully integrated mobility scenarios within sustainable futures for Germany

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    Transport has been analysed as a sector and service fully embedded in the overall economy in Germany using a validated economy-environment model (Panta Rhei). Two contrasting scenarios for potential future macro-economic policies in Germany until the year 2020 have been analysed. Both scenarios result in economic and transport volume growth. Transport volumes are strongly driven by increasing international trade and diver-sification of labour. Moderating this trend appears as a key factor to influence transport volume growth. A decoupling of carbon dioxide emissions from economic growth appears only feasible with significant efficiency gains. Current markets have no sufficient incenives to realise these gains. Current markets have no sufficient incentives to realise these gains by themselves. If price signal shall be set, a long-term doubling of fuel prices and road charges seems necessary in order to cut the fleet fuel economy by two and to in-duce higher transport productivity. Furthermore, if economic growth by transport growth as well as reductions in carbon dioxide emissions shall be achieved, then the emissions from car travel, with two thirds the biggest emitter, must - and can - reduce strongly in order to compensate for the desired growth in freight transport. Maximal half of the transport emissions can be attributed to mobility demands of the end user. In particular the diverse and growing "leisure and tourism" activities are very (car) transport intensive. The other half must be allocated as a transport service, among which goods transport for building and food production. Hence policies affecting (private) transport or leisure activities have stronger links, while (freight) transport is linked with a variety of other fields. Emissions from vehicle production, including all product chains, add another 50 % to the carbon dioxide balance from vehicle operation for Germany, services add another 30 %, which has rarely been established quantitatively. These sectors represent important and increasing areas for reduction measures. Total employment and gross-value added in the transport sector hinge to about half on vehicle production and services. However production shifts fo foreign countries while services increas domestically. But despite their growth most employment and value in vehicle production will be generated outside Germany

    Das handelspolitische Instrument des Antidumping

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    Seit Ende der siebziger Jahre ist die Zahl der Antidumpingverfahren weltweit gestiegen. Daraus resultieren immer mehr Strafzölle und "freiwillige" Preisvereinbarungen, die vor allem von IndustrielĂ€ndern verhĂ€ngt werden. Da dieser Trend ungebrochen anhĂ€lt, kommt der wissenschaftlichen Bewertung von Antidumping-Institutionen eine große Bedeutung zu. Dieser Band liefert eine ökonomisch fundierte Analyse des Antidumping und untersucht auch die "abschreckende" Wirkung der erwĂ€hnten Institutionen umfassend. Antidumping - so zeigt die Studie - wird nicht wettbewerbssichernd, sondern rein protektionistisch eingesetzt. Sinkende Gewinne, Produktions- und Exportmengen zum Beispiel in der EG können eine Folge der HandelsbeschrĂ€nkungen der Gemeinschaft sein. Die Untersuchung zeichnet sich insgesamt durch eine differenzierte BerĂŒcksichtigung der Verfahrenspraxis aus. Sie richtet sich daher nicht nur an die Wissenschaft, sondern auch an Praktiker in VerbĂ€nden und Unternehmen, die sich mit Industriepolitik, Außenhandelstheorie oder -politik beschĂ€ftigen

    AMIRIS – AN AGENT-BASED SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY UNDER VARIOUS POLICY FRAMEWORKS

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    Electricity generation from renewables in Germany has now reached a relevant magnitude for the energy sector. The further increase of electricity from renewable energy sources is driven by the Energy Concept enacted by the Federal Government in 2010 with the goal of transforming the energy system into a renewable based one by 2050. In order to achieve the political targets reorganisation in terms of technical, institutional and financial aspects is needed. The transformation and structural adjustments are characterised by a huge variety of actors, who are connected through complex interactions with one another and who react very differently to changes in the settings of the energy sector. We will present the agent-based simulation model AMIRIS (Agent-based Model for the Integration of Renewables Into the Power System), which can be used as a policy analysis and design tool to foster the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity market. Additionally, we show some results of first simulation runs for the assessment of the ‘optional market premium’ in Germany until 2020

    RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES IN GERMANY: ANALYSIS OF ACTORS AND NEW BUSINESS MODELS AS A REACTION TO THE REDESIGN AND ADJUSTMENT OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS

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    The transformation of the electricity system upon condition of sustainable development and an accelerated nuclear phase-out is one of the crucial challenges currently facing the German economy. Due to effective policy support to date, electricity generated by renewable energies already accounts for a relevant share - 20.1% - of the German electricity supply. As a result, enforced market integration and a more demand-oriented feed-in of electricity from renewable energies are considered crucial next steps in the process of transformation. In the process, recent years have seen the development and discussion of new regulation mechanisms aimed at facilitating a smooth transition for renewable energy power plant operators from guaranteed feed-in tariffs to a deregulated electricity market. A variety of actors have been involved, both in this development process and in the actual process of market integration. These actors’ goals, strategies and options have formed the focus of two interdisciplinary research projects1. The goal of the projects is the development of an agent-based simulation model as an instrument to analyse possible actions and interactions of the relevant stakeholders, as well as their effects on the overall system under different regulatory frameworks. An important prerequisite for the set-up of the agent-based model was the thorough analysis of the relevant actors: how are they influenced by the regulatory framework? How do they develop business models and routines, and how have they tried to reshape formal institutions in order to meet their goals? This actor analysis and its results will be presented in this paper. We will present the agent-based simulation model AMIRIS (Agent-based Model for the Integration of Renewables Into the Power System), which can be used as a policy analysis and design tool to foster the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity market. Additionally, we show some results of first simulation runs for the assessment of the ‘optional market premium’ in Germany until 2020

    Teilbericht 3 InnovationslĂŒckenanalyse innerhalb des Forschungsprojekts TF_Energiewende : Teilprojekt A im Rahmen des strategischen BMWi-Leitprojekts "Trends und Perspektiven der Energieforschung"

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    Der Teilbericht 3 enthĂ€lt die Ergebnisse der InnovationslĂŒckenanalyse, die im Forschungsvorhaben "Technologien fĂŒr die Energiewende" durchgefĂŒhrt wurde. In ihr wurde analysiert, fĂŒr welche Ziele der Energiewende durch den Einsatz von heute bereits verfĂŒgbaren beziehungsweise in Entwicklung befindlichen Technologien ein ausreichender Abdeckungsgrad zu erwarten ist. Diese Analyse deckt aber auch auf, an welcher Stelle vermutlich LĂŒcken bestehen, die perspektivisch durch die Entwicklung geeigneter Technologien gefĂŒllt werden können

    AMIRIS – An Agent-based Simulation Model for the Analysis of different Support Schemes and their Effects on Actors involved in the Integration of Renewable Energy into Energy Markets

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    Electricity generation from renewables in Germany has now reached an energy economically relevant magnitude. The further increase of electricity from renewable energy sources is driven by the Energy Concept enacted by the Federal Government in 2010 with the goal of transforming the energy system into a renewable based one by 2050. In order to achieve the political targets reorganization in terms of technical, organizational and financial aspects is needed. The transition and structural adjustments are characterized by a huge variety of actors, who are connected through complex interactions with one another and who react very differently to changes in the energy economic environment.We will present the agent-based simulation model AMIRIS (Agent-based Model for the Integration of Renewables Into the Power System), which can be used as policy design tool to foster the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity market

    AN AGENT-BASED SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR THE GERMAN ELECTRICITY MARKET

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    To further ensure a successful integration of renewable energies, technical, financial and organizational aspects of the electricity system have to be redesigned. A main challenge lies in the alignment of generation and demand of energy due to the fluctuating character of renewables. Several possibilities are being discussed to align this imbalance. One possibility is the market integration of renewables by linking the generation of renewable electricity to the price signals of the energy exchange markets. In the year 2012 the German government introduced the market premium for supporting the direct marketing of electricity from renewable energies. The AMIRIS agent-based simulation model allows testing and analysing the impacts of the market premium on the involved market actors (e.g. renewable power plant operators and direct marketers) on the micro level as well as effects on the macro level (energy exchange prices and market structure) of the energy market system

    Weiterentwicklung eines agentenbasierten Simulationsmodells (AMIRIS) zur Untersuchung des Akteursverhaltens bei der Marktintegration von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien unter verschiedenen Fördermechanismen

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    Mit dem agentenbasierten Simulationsmodell AMIRIS lassen sich Auswirkungen verschiedener energiewirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen auf die beteiligten Akteure bei der Marktintegration der erneuerbaren Energien (EE) untersuchen. Diese Analysen sollen helfen, effektive Fördersysteme zu gestalten, die der Entwicklung des Marktes dienen, aber gleichzeitig Mitnahmeeffekte auf Seiten einiger Akteure zu vermeiden helfen. Der Aufbau und die Struktur des Modells machen AMIRIS als Tool zur Politikberatung sehr flexibel, und Simulationsexperimente können ĂŒber verschiedene Parametereinstellung vielfĂ€ltig konfiguriert werden. Auf diese Weise ermöglicht es das Modell, Auswirkungen der verschiedenen Varianten von Förderinstrumenten oder Änderungen der energiewirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen auf die Mikroebene der Akteure sowie die Makroebene des Energiesystems modelltechnisch zu analysieren
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