Ethogram presenting the categorization of behaviors in the present study. Behavioural data are expressed as the percentage duration (%) or counts of episodes (#).

<p>Ethogram presenting the categorization of behaviors in the present study. Behavioural data are expressed as the percentage duration (%) or counts of episodes (#).</p

Whole blood parameters and plasma cortisol levels in Atlantic cod at 120 min post-treatment.

<p>Data are expressed as mean (±S.E.) for normally distributed data and as medians (±IQR) for non-normally (*) distributed data. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for both normally distributed data (one-way ANOVA) and not normally distributed data (Kruskal Wallis). N = 7 fish per group except for 0.005% Capsaicin (N = 6) and 0.1% Capsaicin (N = 8).</p

Occurrence of Shelter and Hovering on the bottom behaviours in Atlantic cod before and after saline, acetic acid, capsaicin, and fishing hook treatments.

<p>The data are expressed as mean percentage of time (%,<b>±</b>S.E.) the behaviour was displayed during 15 min segments at 30 min and 90 min after treatment. For each time point, identical letters denote a statistically significant (p≤0.05) difference between treatment groups (repeated measures GLM followed by post-hoc test using the Bonferroni correction). N = 7 fish per group except for 0.005% Capsaicin (N = 6) and 0.1% Capsaicin (N = 8).</p

Opercular beat rates (beats×min⁻¹; mean OBR±S.E.) for each treatment group at 20 min pre-treatment (−20 min) and at 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min post-treatment (i.e. corresponding to the data presented in Table S1).

<p>There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in OBR evidenced between treatment groups at any time-point (two-way repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction followed by post-hoc test using the Bonferroni correction). Asterisks (*) denote a statistically significant (p≤0.05) within-group difference in OBR compared to its respective pre-treatment recording (one-way repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction followed by post-hoc test using the Bonferroni correction). N = 7 fish per group except for 0.005% Capsaicin (N = 6) and 0.1% Capsaicin (N = 8).</p