Determination of rhodamine b in cosmetics, candy, water, and plastic by a novel multiwalled carbon nanotube (mwcnt)@zinc oxide@magnetite nanocomposite for magnetic solid-phase extraction (mspe) with spectrophotometric detection

A new magnetic solid phase microextraction method (MSPE) was developed for the preconcentration of rhodamine B from plastics, cosmetics, and environmental samples before spectrophotometric analysis. A nanocomposite adsorbent containing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized by a hydrothermal procedure. The new magnetic nanocomposite (MWCNTs@ZnO@Fe3O4) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pH, sample volume, eluent type, adsorbent mass, influence of foreign species, and analyte-adsorbent and eluent contact times were optimized. The optimum pH was 3; adsorbent mass, 20 mg; sample volume, 50 mL; and eluent, 0.7 mL of ethanol. Recovery values exceeding 95% were obtained. The developed vortex assisted magnetic solid phase extraction method (VA-MSPE) was applied to practical analysis. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.83 & mu;g L-1 and 2.77 & mu;g L-1, respectively. The addition/recovery experiments were carried on several water samples to demonstrate acceptable recoveries

Neodymium (III) Hydroxide Coprecipitation-FAAS System for the Speciation of Chromium in Natural Waters

A new coprecipitation procedure is presented for the speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on neodymium(III) hydroxide precipitate. Chromium determination was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Total chromium was determined by application of the same procedure after reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The concentration of Cr(VI) was calculated by the concentration difference between total Cr and Cr(III). The optimal parameters that affected the quantitative recoveries of Cr(III) were investigated. The influences of co-existing ions were controlled. The detection limit and preconcentration factor for Cr(III) were 2.1 mu g/L and 100, respectively. The method was applied to the speciation and determination of chromium in natural water samples

Multi-Element Preconcentration/Separation of Some Metal Ions in Environmental Samples by Using Co-precipitation

A preconcentration/separation system for cadmium(II), nickel(II), copper(II), lead(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), and manganese(II) ions has been established prior to their atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. The procedure is based on the co-precipitation of these ions by the aid of a praseodymium hydroxide (Pr(OH)(3)) precipitate. The precipitate was dissolved in 0.5 mL of concentrated HNO3, and made up to 10.0 mL with water. The analytes were determined by a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The effects of analytical parameters including pH, amounts of praseodymium as carrier element, sample volume, etc. on the recoveries of heavy metals were investigated. The effects of matrix ions were also examined. The limits of detection for analyte ions were found in the range between 0.7-5.2 mu g/L. The validation of this present procedure was verified by the analysis of certified reference materials, TMDA-54.4 (fortified water) and NIST 1570a (spinach leaves). The proposed co-precipitation procedure was applied for the determination of cadmium(II), nickel(II), copper(II), lead(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), and manganese(II) ions in various environmental water samples

Deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methods for the analysis of chlorophyll natural colorant (E140) via microwave assisted sample preparation

In the current research paper, extraction and analysis of chlorophyll, one of the bioactive compounds that is usually utilized as natural pigments (E140) and obtained from many leafy green plants and seaweeds, have been carried out via deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid phase microextraction (DES-UA-DLLME) from plants and food pruducts. The DES-UA-DLLME method was developed by utilizing deep eutectic solvent (DES) which was prepared by heating process with a 1:1 ratio of choline chloride and urea (ChCl: U). Analytical parameters such as pH, DES volume, sample volume, centrifugation and mixing time, DES type, matrix effect, etc. were optimized to ensure the extraction efficiency of chlorophyll. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), intra-day and inter-day relative standart devision (RSD) were found as 0.007 mu g/mL, 0.023 mu g/ mL, 1.3 %, and 1.9 %, respectively. The accuracy of the method was tested with water sample addition/recovery studies. The DES-UA-DLLME method has been applied to food, water, and plant samples. The food products and plants were prepared with the help of ultrasonic and microwave extraction for spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophyll. According to literature survey, the DES-UA-DLLME method and the MWAE method combination was used to the first time for extraction of chlorophyll (E140) from plants

An environmentally friendly hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid liquid microextraction for spectrophotometric analysis of indigo carmine (E132)

This method was developed using ultrasonic-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (UA HDES DLLME) to determine trace levels of indigo carmine in food samples prior to analysis by UV Vis spectrophotometer at 610 nm. Some important analytical parameters such as pH, and sample volume and influence of foreign components were considered for optimization studies. A suitable extraction medium for indigo carmine was obtained at pH 3.0 and the mentioned above optimum conditions were determined. For instance, 15 mL sample volume, 1 mL final volume and a short centrifucation and ultrasonication time have been found. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 2.79 ng mL−1, 9.31 ng mL−1 respectively. Moreover, the performed UA HDES DLLME process implemented to beverage, colored chocolate, chewing gum and nail polish samples. Analyte addition studies were carried out on an energy drink sample to demonstrate the accuracy of the method

Deep eutectic solvent liquid phase microextraction, powered by ultrasonic system, for determination of β-carotene in food samples

The research work is mainly concerned with the extraction of beta-carotene, which is a terpenoid compound, from food and fruit samples using deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase extraction. Deep eutectic solvent liquid phase microextraction method, powered by ultrasonic mixing, (DES-UP-LPME) was carried out with deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of tetrabutylammoniumbromide (TBAB) and decanoic acid (DA). Key parameters such as pH, sample volume, tetrahydrofuran (THF) volume, DES type and volume, matrix effect, ultra-sonication/centrifugation time were optimized to increase the extraction efficiency of beta-carotene. Quantitative recoveries were obtained when pH, TBAB:DA ratio and sample volume were 3, 1:3 and 30, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.005 mu g/mL and 0.015 mu g/mL, respectively. Various food samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically by using the developed DES-UP-LPME at 450 nm. The addition/recovery studies were also performed on water samples to evaluate the accuracy of the method

Deep eutectic solvent liquid phase microextraction, powered by ultrasonic system, for determination of β-carotene in food samples

The research work is mainly concerned with the extraction of beta-carotene, which is a terpenoid compound, from food and fruit samples using deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase extraction. Deep eutectic solvent liquid phase microextraction method, powered by ultrasonic mixing, (DES-UP-LPME) was carried out with deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of tetrabutylammoniumbromide (TBAB) and decanoic acid (DA). Key parameters such as pH, sample volume, tetrahydrofuran (THF) volume, DES type and volume, matrix effect, ultra-sonication/centrifugation time were optimized to increase the extraction efficiency of beta-carotene. Quantitative recoveries were obtained when pH, TBAB:DA ratio and sample volume were 3, 1:3 and 30, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.005 mu g/mL and 0.015 mu g/mL, respectively. Various food samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically by using the developed DES-UP-LPME at 450 nm. The addition/recovery studies were also performed on water samples to evaluate the accuracy of the method

An environmentally friendly hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid liquid microextraction for spectrophotometric analysis of indigo carmine (E132)

This method was developed using ultrasonic-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (UA HDES DLLME) to determine trace levels of indigo carmine in food samples prior to analysis by UV Vis spectrophotometer at 610 nm. Some important analytical parameters such as pH, and sample volume and influence of foreign components were considered for optimization studies. A suitable extraction medium for indigo carmine was obtained at pH 3.0 and the mentioned above optimum conditions were determined. For instance, 15 mL sample volume, 1 mL final volume and a short centrifucation and ultrasonication time have been found. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 2.79 ng mL−1, 9.31 ng mL−1 respectively. Moreover, the performed UA HDES DLLME process implemented to beverage, colored chocolate, chewing gum and nail polish samples. Analyte addition studies were carried out on an energy drink sample to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) based dispersive Liquid-Phase microextraction of Sunset yellow FCF in food and pharmaceutical products

In this study, a new, sensitive, rapid, simple, cheap, readily available, and rather safe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the green extraction solvent was developed for the extraction and determination of sunset yellow for Coloring Food (FCF), in drugs, vitamins, beverage, foods, and environmental samples. The method is based on the deep eutectic solvent system containing a kind of cationic and anionic (hydrogen bond donor/ hydrogen bond acceptor) species. For this purpose, decanoic acid and tetrabutylammonium bromide (molar ratio of 2:1) were used to obtain a deep eutectic solvent. Sunset yellow FCF is analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer after ultrasonication-assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction procedure. The essential operational parameters such as pH, DES volume, THF volume and sample volume were found 2.0, 200, 400 mu L and 20 mL, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found at pH 2.0 as 0.05 mu g L(-1 )and 0.17 mu g L-1, respectively. The enrichment technique was validated by using addition/recovery studies and applied to the determination of analyte content of various drugs, vitamins, beverages, foods, and environmental samples