HeLa cells were pretreated with 100 μg/ml Ubenimex for 24 h, followed by 16 Gy radiation

At 72 h after radiation treatment, whole-cell protein extracts were prepare and subjected to Western blot analysis of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, and cleaved PARP. The β-actin protein level served as a protein loading control. The combination of Ubenimex and radiation cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, leading to apoptosis (A). Anti-apoptotic molecules, Bcl-xlL and Bcl-2, were down-regulated by Ubenimex and radiation (B).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 inhibitor, Ubenimex, enhances radiation sensitivity in human cervical cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/74</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():74-74.</p><p>Published online 19 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2289833.</p><p></p

Enzyme activity was determined by quantitating the enzymatic cleavage of the synthetic substrate alanine-p-nitroanilido

After 1 hour incubation, APN/CD13 activity is depicted as about two fold increase in HeLa cells after radiation. Radiation increased APN/CD13 enzyme activity. Errors bar represent the standard error of the mean.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 inhibitor, Ubenimex, enhances radiation sensitivity in human cervical cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/74</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():74-74.</p><p>Published online 19 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2289833.</p><p></p

APN/CD13 expression in various OVCA cell lines, as estimated by FACS analysis ; ES-2 cells, ; HEY cells, ; SKOV-3 cells, ; TAOV cells, ; NOS-4 cells, ; NOS-2 cells and ; HRA cells

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p

Suppression of APN/CD13 expression by siRNA induced a marked decrease in migratory potential of ES-2 cells

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p> A; Western blot analysis showed a decrease in APN/CD13 expression after siRNA transfection. B, C; Giemsa staining showing the migration of ES-2 cells transfected with non-specific control siRNA (B; si-cont) or siRNA specific for APN/CD13 (C; si-CD13), respectively. D; The level of migration of ES-2 cells transfected with si-CD13 relative to the control was 33%. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD *; < 0.01

Decrease of MMP-2 and VEGF expression caused by RNA interference of APN/CD13 in ES-2 cells using MMP-2 and VEGF ELISA kit

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p> The MMP-2 and VEGD expression in the conditioned medium of si-CD13-transfected ES-2 cells was significantly lower than that of si-cont-transfected cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, A; *< 0.001, B; *< 0.05

Inhibition of proliferative potential by the transfection of siRNA for APN/CD13 in ES-2 cells in a 4-day modified MTT assay

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p> Analysis of the proliferation rate was performed as described in "MATERIALS AND METHODS". si-CD13-transfected cells showed almost no growth, whereas the si-cont-transfected cells grew similarly to the parental ES-2 cells. ; si-cont-transfected cells, ; si-CD13-transfected cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of four independent experiments. *; < 0.01, **; < 0.001

APN/CD13 expression in OVCA tissues A, B, C, D and E; Immunohistological staining of APN/CD13 in surgically resected OVCA tissues of 14 patients representing four different histological types using APN/CD13 specific Ab

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p> A-D; APN/CD13 was expressed intensely in tumor cells but only slightly in stromal cells. A; clear cell carcinoma (case 7), B; endometrioid adenocarcinoma (case 8), C; mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (case 5), D; serous cystadenocarcinoma (case 12), E; serous cystadenocarcinoma (case 2), APN/CD13 was intensely expressed in stromal cells but was almost undetectable in tumor cells. F; APN/CD13-negative control of serous cystadenocarcinoma. Black arrows indicate tumor cells expressing APN/CD13; green arrows indicate stromal cells expressing APN/CD13

Differential effects of bestatin on cell proliferation of ES-2 and HRA cells

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p> A; Decrease of APN/CD13 enzyme activity by bestatin in a concentration-dependent manner in ES-2 cells, which expressed APN/CD13. More than 100 μg/ml of bestatin significantly inhibited APN/CD13 enzyme activity in ES-2 cells (p < 0.01). B; Cytotoxicity of bestatin was evaluated by trypan blue dye-exclusion test for APN/CD13-positive ES-2 cells and APN/CD13-negative HRA cells. C; Bestatin dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation of ES-2 cells, which strongly expressed APN/CD13. More than 100 μg/ml of bestatin significantly inhibited the proliferation of ES-2 cells (p < 0.01). D; Bestatin exerted no significant effect on the proliferation of HRA cells, which expressed a low level of APN/CD13

Bestatin inhibited the cell motility of APN/CD13-expressing OVCA cells in the Transwell migration assay in a concentration-dependent manner

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of APN/CD13 leads to suppressed progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/140</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():140-140.</p><p>Published online 27 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000898.</p><p></p> A: SKOV-3 cells; *; < 0.01, **; < 0.001, B; ES-2 cells; *; < 0.001, **; < 0.0001