Measurement and Visualization of IIIF Image Usages.

21st International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries, ICADL 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 4–7, 2019. Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 11853), also part of the Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI book sub series (LNISA, volume 11853).In these years, a lot of libraries and museums have adopted IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework), which promotes mutual use of images among institutions. In IIIF-compatible digital collections, images are retrieved via IIIF Image API with specifying regions of images. Thus, we can investigate the detailed image usage by examining requested regions. In this paper, we demonstrate an application that measures and visualizes which regions of images are looked by users. Specifically, we count the number of accesses to each pixel of images. Since a pixel is the smallest unit that composes an image, it enables to show the detailed image usage. Finally, we visualize the result as heat maps and display heat maps over original images on Mirador, a IIIF-compatible image viewer. Thus, users can interactively investigate which regions of images are looked by users with panning and zooming

Asian Studies in the Era of Open Science

AAS-in-Asia 2020, August 31-September 04, online from Kobe, JapanWith the rapid increase of accessibility to both historical and contemporary resources online, the research methodologies and even the research questions in social science and humanities have been changed drastically over the last decade. Asian Studies is not an exception. Pieces in rare collections in libraries with very limited access such as Buddhism manuscripts are now shared online via new platform for images, IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework), along with the text database. It is now coming to the stage to facilitate open science in Asian Studies. One way of initiating open science is a promotion of open participatory researches by utilizing the open access resources. In addition to these resources, the research outcomes are shifting towards the open access publications. However, only the limited number of open access publication provide open citation in the field of Asian Studies. The promotion of citations is an urgent task in order to assure the traceability of open access resources online and contribute to further development open science in Asian Studies. This panel examines the current practice of open access and open citations in Asian Studies in Japan by presenters consisted of scholars of Buddhism studies, digital humanities, information sciences, and an academic journal editor. Through the examination of cross disciplinary presenters, the panel proposes the possible approaches towards open science in Asian Studies. Asian Studies in the Era of Open Science /Yumi Kitamura(Kyoto University) Promoting Open Science Movement of the East Asian Studies; On "Open" Strategies of the KU-ORCAS /Nobuhiko Kikuchi(Kansai University Open Research Center for Asian Studies) Buddhist Studies with Open Science: An Attempt in Asian Studies /Kiyonori Nagasaki(International Institute for Digital Humanities) Open Citation for the Development of Asian Studies /Chifumi Nishioka(Kyoto University Library) Opening Citation Data: What can/should editors of small-scale journals do? /Narumi Sitara(Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University

Understanding IIIF image usage based on server log analysis

Numerous libraries and museums have adopted the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) that promotes mutual use of images among different institutions. In a IIIF-compatible digital collection, images are retrieved via IIIF Image API (Application Programming Interface), wherein regions of images can be specified. Thus, it is possible to investigate image usage in detail by examining the image regions that have been requested. In this article, we propose a log analysis method to measure the image usage and to visualize the analysis outcomes. Specifically, we employ the number of accesses to each pixel and visualize the results using heat maps. Given that a pixel is the smallest image unit, we apply herein a fine-grained analysis. The analysis method can be used in different applications including research tools in which researchers examine images and heat maps that show which regions of the images have already been examined by collaborators

Log Analysis Methodology to Understanding Detailed IIIF Image Usage

[The 2019 International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) Conference] 2019/06/24-28, Göttingen, GermanyIt is important for libraries and museums to understand how digital collections and their contents have been used for many reasons, e.g., accountability for stakeholders. In these years, a lot of libraries and museums have adopted IIIF. In IIIF-compatible digital collections, an image is fetched via IIIF Image API. Every time the image is zoomed and panned on an image viewer, the image is called via IIIF Image APIs with varying the value of the region. Thus, it is possible to investigate the detailed image usage by examining which regions of images have been requested. In our presentation, we show a method to analyze the image usage and to visualize the analysis result. The method is comprised of the two steps: 1) measure the number of accesses to each pixel and 2) generate heat map in which the color of each pixel represents the number of accesses to the corresponding pixel. Since a pixel is the smallest unit that composes an image, we enable a fine-grained analysis. Heat maps visualize which regions of an image get more and less accesses. The generated heat maps are displayed over the corresponding target images using the layer function of Mirador. As a result of the analysis, we observe the tendency that the regions close to the center get more accesses than other regions. One of the reasons is that the regions close to the center have higher probabilities to be accessed, when users zoom and pan an image on an image viewer. Therefore, we theoretically compute the probability to be accessed for each pixel and examine how to adjust the number of accesses to each pixel depending on the position of the pixels. In the presentation, we discuss adjustment methods that use the computed probabilities. Finally, we present possible applications including collaborative research platform and transcription platform

Visualizing which parts of IIIF images are looked by users

2018 IIIF Conference, Washington DC, USIn this talk, we present how we evaluate and visualize the usage of IIIF-compatible images. We developed a script that analyzes IIIF Image API call logs. The script generates heatmaps that visualize which parts of IIIF images are looked intensively. The generated heatmaps are shown over images using Mirador's layer functionality, so that users can seewhich parts of images are focused. In addition, we report how long it takes to generate heatmaps and how we tried to reduce computational costs. Furthermore, we discuss how this heatmap generator can be deployed as a service for the IIIF images. Generally speaking, visualization of access logs of web sites is not a problem, if anonymization is conducted appropriately. We expect that the visualization not only stimulates users’ interests but also provides persuasive data to maintain the service of publishing digital images. However, anonymization can be invalidated for IIIF images that have few accesses. In addition, a series of activities of a researcher on IIIF images in a collection might reveal his/her viewpoint that would be a key issue of his/her academic outcome. Therefore, access logs to IIIF images require a careful management to be used, in order to make IIIF services be trusted by researchers. Since management of access log to the IIIF images has various options, we might have to create a kind of guidelines for it

Log Analysis Method towards Understanding Detailed IIIF Image Usage

Abstract of paper 0507 presented at the Digital Humanities Conference 2019 (DH2019), Utrecht , the Netherlands 9-12 July, 2019

Log Analysis Method towards Understanding Detailed IIIF Image Usage

Abstract of paper 0507 presented at the Digital Humanities Conference 2019 (DH2019), Utrecht , the Netherlands 9-12 July, 2019