Astraodoric Acids A–D: New Lanostane Triterpenes from Edible Mushroom <i>Astraeus odoratus</i> and Their Anti-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H₃₇Ra and Cytotoxic Activity

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the chronic infectious diseases caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> that causes about 2–3 million deaths per year. Isoniazid and rifampicin are examples of first line drugs used for TB treatment; however, they are potentially hepatotoxic. More effective and safer drugs are urgently needed, especially from natural products. Basidiomycete mushrooms are known as important sources of pharmaceutically active metabolites including an anti-TB agent. In this work, the chemical constituents of the edible mushroom <i>Astraeus odoratus</i> were isolated and investigated for antibacterial activity against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H₃₇Ra. The cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines was also evaluated. Four new lanostane triterpenes, astraodoric acids A–D, and new 5-hydroxyhypaphorine have been isolated together with four known compounds. The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic methods, HR-ESI-MS results, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Astraodoric acids A and B exhibited moderate antibacterial (MICs of 50 and 25 μg/mL) and cytotoxic activities (IC₅₀ values of 34.69 and 18.57 μg/mL against KB and 19.99 and 48.35 μg/mL against NCI-H187), respectively. The results of this study show that <i>A. odoratus</i> could be a significant natural source for safer antitubercular and anticancer agents