Attribution Of Febrile Illness To Circulating Respiratory Viruses In The United States, July 2016 - March 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2, an emerging epidemic respiratory virus, has circulated in the United States since early 2020. The dynamics of Influenza (flu) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) have shifted, causing atypical timing and levels of illness across the country and in particular age groups. Fever, recorded on at-home bluetooth-enabled thermometers, is a promising new tool with which to monitor respiratory disease. Quantifying the proportion of fever attributable to these three viruses, at a particular time or within a particular age group, would strengthen the collective understanding of viral circulation in the U.S., and enable the use of fever data in the prediction and prevention of respiratory disease. Methods: The study period, July 2016-March 2023, encompassed the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic. A negative binomial Bayesian hierarchical model was fit to fever with different measures of viral covariates, accounting for temporal changes in diagnostic testing behavior. MCMC simulations informed estimation of the proportion of fever attributable to respiratory viral causes. Attributable proportions were compared across groups and across a Pre- and Post-COVID temporal stratification. Results: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, both flu and RSV were strongly correlated with fever. Post-COVID, the timing, magnitude, and fever correlation of both viruses shifted. The model attributed more Pre-COVID fever to flu than RSV. In the Post-COVID period, fever was less attributable to viral causes than before. SARS-CoV-2 contributed to fever incidence more than flu or RSV with the models that used viral covariates adjusted for testing behavior. Pre-COVID, viruses were most responsible for fever in children 5-17 and least responsible for fever among elders 65-100. SARS-CoV-2 only minimally impacted fever incidence of pediatric populations. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the utility of fever for capturing and understanding respiratory disease in the U.S. and across age groups. As new variants emerge, or SARS-CoV-2 stabilizes and develops endemic seasonality, it will be necessary to continue monitoring the age distribution of viral diseases, and nonclinical fever surveillance is a strong supplement to traditional methods

(The) influence of Ibsen on Echegaray.

This item has been digitized by the Internet Archive. Typewritten sheets in cover. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University Bibliography: p. 72-74

Revolutionary War Pension application- Kitfield, William (Sedgwick)

Pension application through the Hancock County Supreme Judicial Court for William Kitfield for service in the Revolutionary War.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_hancock_county/1090/thumbnail.jp

RANGE EXTENSION OF WOODWARDIA-AREO-LATA NEW-RECORD

Volume: 76Start Page: 312End Page: 31

Revolutionary War Pension application- Kitfield, William (Sedgwick)

Pension application through the Hancock County Supreme Judicial Court for William Kitfield for service in the Revolutionary War.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_hancock_county/1090/thumbnail.jp

Luncheon Speaker: The Military and the Media

James C. Kitfield, Staff Correspondent, National Journa

The use of an escape contingency and a token economy to increase food acceptance.

Escape (termination of a meal) and token-based differential reinforcement of alternative behavior were used as reinforcement to increase acceptance of food. Using a changing criterion design, the number of bites accepted and consumed was gradually increased to 15 bites per meal. These data suggest that, in some cases, escape may be a potent reinforcer for food acceptance