Occurrence of gangliosides in the common squid and pacific octopus among protostomia

AbstractAcidic lipids from tissues of the common squid Todarodes pacificus and the pacific octopus Octopus vulgaris were characterized. Hepatopancreatic tissues of both animals had complex compositions of resorcinol-positive acidic lipids, many of which became reactive with cholera toxin B subunit and anti-GM1 antibody after in situ treatment with sialidase on TLC. One of the major acidic lipids in squid tissue was isolated and examined for its structure. This acidic lipid was identified to be the ganglioside GD1a based upon the susceptibility to sialidases of different substrate specificity, characterization of reaction products, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of the lipid. Hepatopancreatic tissues of squid and octopus also contained acidic lipids that reacted with A2B5, a monoclonal antibody specific to c-series gangliosides. Cerebral ganglia of both animals expressed resorcinol-positive acidic lipids, though their compositional patterns differed from the hepatopancreatic tissues. N-Acetylneuraminic acid was identified as the main species in lipid-bound sialic acid in both tissues. The contents of lipid-bound sialic acid in cerebral ganglia were significantly lower than those of hepatopancreatic tissues in both animals. The present study presents the first evidence for the occurrence of gangliosides in protostomia

エチレンと四塩化炭素のテロメリゼーションに関する研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士理学博士論理博第161号新制||理||74(附属図書館)1601(主査)教授 大杉 治郎, 教授 田中 正三, 教授 後藤 良造学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

The protein denaturation under high pressure : effects of ph and some substances on the pressure denaturation of ovalbumin solution

The effects of the pH and of the various added substances on the pressure denaturation of ovalbumin solution were examined by measuring the solubility as an index. The results are as follows: Ovalbumin has the maximum stability near pH 9 toward pressure-denaturation, the rate of pressure denaturation reaction of ovalbumin is proportional to the square root of hydrogen-ion concentration independently of the treated pressure and temperature, and the activation volumes are negative and the values depend on temperature but not on pH. Sulfate and glucose are inhibitors, and urea and ethyl alcohol are accelerators for pressure denaturation. And a little amount of calcium chloride and sodium chloride accelerates the pressure denaturation, but a large amount of them tend to inhibit it

An Educational Intervention of Interprofessional Learning in Community Based Health Care in Indonesia: What did We Learn from the Pilot Study?

Interprofessional learning (IPL) in community based health care (CBHC) was a pilot model to promote interprofessional education and collaborative practice in Indonesia and to offer the opportunity for medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health students to have hands-on experiences in IPL in community settings. The purpose of this article is to describe the IPL program and its implementation in CBHC and to present the students’ reaction towards the program. The study was conducted at the State Islamic University in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2012. Sixty two third-year students, 20 faculty members as tutors, 20 people as standardized patients (SPs) and 15 real patients volunteered and completed this program. Students attended a four-day workshop, a two-day simulation and practiced IPL for two months. The evaluation program applied a mixed-method design and showed that the success of the program was due to designing the program based on theoretical grounds in learning and social domains, applying various teaching methods (small group learning techniques, practice-based learning, and reflective practice) and providing a supportive environment for informal activities. The usefulness of this program was evident from a significant quantifiable improvement in student satisfaction. However, the high rate of student withdrawal from the program was the main issue as the program was not integrated into the curriculum.  It needs support from university structures to handle the complexity of professional curricula and the boundaries between faculty/disciplines. Keywords: evaluation program, educational intervention, interprofessional learning, community settin

Lifestyle changes of Japanese people on overseas assignment in Michigan, USA

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Temporary work assignments in the United States (US) are widely considered to have negative health outcomes on Asians mostly due to adverse changes in diet and exercise, though there is little research on this phenomenon. This study investigated the impact of lifestyle changes on the biological and psychological health and health behaviours of Japanese people on temporary assignments in the US.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this cross sectional survey, we distributed a 38 item self-administered questionnaire addressing health habits, mental health function, lifestyle changes and dietary habits to adult Japanese patients presenting for general physicals at a family medicine clinic serving Japanese patients. We conducted simple statistics and regression analysis between length of stay and other health outcomes to determine whether length of residence in the US was predictive of negative lifestyle changes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most participants reported increased caloric intake, weight gain, and less exercise. They also reported increased time with family. More women than men reported physical symptoms and anxiety related to stress. Smoking and alcohol intake were essentially unchanged. No associations were identified between length of residence in the US and health lifestyle habits or other health outcomes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Negative lifestyle changes occur in diet and exercise for overseas Japanese people, but a positive change in increased family time was found. Women appear to be at a greater risk for somatic disorders than men. As duration of stay does not appear predictive of adverse changes, clinicians should advise patients going abroad of these risks regardless of the term of the work assignment.</p

Formation experiments of CO2 hydrate chimney in a pressure cell

Experimental investigations were conducted to understand the formation process of CO_2 hydrate the chimney structure by using a gas bubble emission technique in water within a pressure cell. The detailed process was video-recorded and analyzed to study the initiation and growth behavior of hydrate chimney while the cell pressure was increased and gas supply rate decreased gradually with time. In the initial stage of chimney growth, a hydrate crystal started to form in a cup shape at the gas nozzle and ascended together with gas bubbles due to mechanical weakness of the hydrate/nozzle contact. Growth of hydrate chimney occurred with supercooling of 3K(overpressure of 0.60MPa) or more, and continued until the top end was closed completely by hydrate

Psychometric Item Analysis and Validation of Indonesian Version of Intragroup Conflict and Group Atmosphere Scale

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a learning model that brings together a variety of professions. This learning has the potential for the emergence of group conflict. It was needed the tools to evaluate the dynamics of conflict that arose within the group in IPE. The objective of this study was to validate the scales of intragroup conflict (IC) and group atmosphere (GA) in Indonesian version. A survey was conducted at the State Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia, in 2011 and we collected 302 valid questionnaires from medical, nursing, pharmacy and public health students. The IC and GA scale were adapted in Indonesian language through the cross-cultural adaptation process. The psychometric properties were analyzed by both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA of IC scale on 11-items and GA scale on 8-items accounted for 65.1% and 62.0%, respectively, of the total variance. The final model of IC scale is 10 items three-factors and GA scale is of 8-items three-factors. Both scales demonstrated the satisfactory reliability, adequate convergent validity and acceptable indices of goodness of fit. The study suggested that the Indonesian version of IC and GA scale are valid to assess the attitudes to manage intragroup conflict during IPE

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Inconsistencies in Infrastructure Planning: An example of coastal levee improvement

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is considered as an effective means to avoid the government’s failures of public projects. However, once CBA becomes mandatory and residents expect a public project to be established based upon it, there is the potential for a dynamic inconsistency problem to arise, where dynamic inconsistency is defined as a difference in the optimal policy between before and after a timing. Taking as an example the coastal levee improvement policy in the city of Rikuzentakata in Japan, the present study clarifies the mechanism behind the dynamic inconsistency problem that is attributable to mandatory CBA and also discusses quantitatively the influence of the dynamic inconsistency problem on social welfare. In addition, through examining the quantitative result, we indicate that, in the projects where the improvement cost increases gradually with the scale, the inefficiency of the dynamic inconsistency problem is incurred on a larger scale