A hipotalamikus neuronális energiaszint szabályozásának vizsgálata: Az NTPDázok, mint lehetséges energia-regulátorok szerepe a pozitív gonadotropin feedback során. = Regulation of neuronal energy levels in the hypothalamus: NTPDases as possible energy regulators of the positive gonadotrophin feedback.

Pályázatunk fő célja, hogy a serkentő idegi működéshez szükséges celluláris energiaszint „korlátozó”, vagy éppen „megengedő” szerepét vizsgáljuk. A hypothalamicus (HT) NTPDáz3 ATP-szabályzó szerepét a tervezettnél szélesebb spektrumban vizsgáltuk, valamint figyelembe vettük, hogy a HT egyszerre több homeosztatikus funkció idegi központja. Ezért figyelembe vettük az érintett homeosztatikus folyamatokat szabályzó idegi struktúrák átfedéseit és a közös mechanizmusokat. A kísérletek két, egymással szorosan összefüggő folyamat elemzésére terjedtek ki, melyek eredményei a következők szerint foglalhatók össze: 1. A mitokondriális metabolizmus, beleértve az NTPDáz3 aktivitását is, valamint a hypothalamus O2 ellátása, az ösztrusz ciklushoz, illetve annak egyes fázisaihoz igazodó hullámzó tendenciát mutatott; Ez a hullámzó tendencia az állatok több mint 80 %-ában a hypothalamusnak csak az egyik féltekéjében mutatkozott, míg az ellenoldali félteke mitokondriális metabolizmusa a ciklus minden fázisában egyenletes, kiegyenlített tendenciát mutatott. 2. Az ADP-függő 3-as típusú mitokondriális légzés korrelál a korábbi kísérleteink szerint leírt gyors ütemű, nagyszámú hypothalamicus excitatórikus szinapszis létrejöttének és aktivitásának idejével, ami az ösztrusz ciklus proösztrusz-korai ösztrusz fázisainak idejére esik. 3. Az 1-5-ös típusú mitokondriális légzés elemzése azt valószínűsíti, hogy a mitokondriális NTPDáz3 blokkolása átfogóan lassítja a mitokondrium metabolizmusát. | The project’s main goal was to examine the limiting/permissive role of the cellular energy levels in hypothalamic (HT) excitatory neuronal activity. Considering that the HT is the regulatory center of more than one homeostatic systems, investigations on the ATP-regulating activity of hypothalamic NTPDase3 were more detailed than originally outlined. Hypothalamic structural and functional overlaps were considered. Studies included two major lines of experiments with result summarized as follows: 1.) The mitochondrial metabolism, including the NTPDase3 activity, and the hypothalamic O2 supply showed a fluctuating pattern corresponding to the phases of the estrous cycle. This phenomenon could only be observed in either the left or right hypothalamic hemispheres in cca. 80 percent of the animals, while the contralateral hemishere showed no such fluctuations. 2.) The ADP-dependent State 3 (St3) mitochondrial respiration correlates with the rapid generation and function of excitatory synapses during late proestrus and early estrus. 3.) Analysis of St1-5 data imply that inhibition of mitochondrial NTPDase3 function leads to overall down-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism

Endocrine factors in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in females: a review of the physiological roles and interactions of ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin

Controlling energy homeostasis involves modulating the desire to eat and regulating energy expenditure. The controlling machinery includes a complex interplay of hormones secreted at various peripheral endocrine endpoints, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the adipose tissue, thyroid gland and thyroid hormone-exporting organs, the ovary and the pancreas, and, last but not least, the brain itself. The peripheral hormones that are the focus of the present review (ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin) play integrated regulatory roles in and provide feedback information on the nutritional and energetic status of the body. As peripheral signals, these hormones modulate central pathways in the brain, including the hypothalamus, to influence food intake, energy expenditure and to maintain energy homeostasis. Since the growth of the literature on the role of various hormones in the regulation of energy homeostasis shows a remarkable and dynamic expansion, it is now becoming increasingly difficult to understand the individual and interactive roles of hormonal mechanisms in their true complexity. Therefore, our goal is to review, in the context of general physiology, the roles of the five bestknown peripheral trophic hormones (ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin, respectively) and discuss their interactions in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake

A vezetés és a döntéshozatal szerepének elemzése az üzleti szféra viszonylatában

Tanulmányunk a „Versenyben a világgal” kutatási program Vezetés és döntéshozatal az üzleti szféra viszonylatában című projektjének főbb eredményeit foglalja össze. Kutatásunkban elemeztük a szervezeti struktúra, mint a stratégia megvalósítását támogató eszköz változásait, az emberi erőforrás menedzsment, a leadership és a versenyképesség kapcsolatát, a menedzsment képességek és döntéshozatali közelítésmódok jellemzőit, a vállalati teljesítménymérés döntéstámogató szerepét, s ezzel összefüggésben a teljesítménymenedzsment szemléletmódját és alkalmazott eszköztárát. Vizsgáltuk a vállalatvezetők különböző érintett-csoportokkal kapcsolatos hozzáállását, s a vállalatok társadalmi felelősségvállalásának kérdéseit. Tanulmányunkban az átfogó helyzetképet követően a vezetés és a döntéshozatal gyakorlatának, szemléletmódjának eltéréseit jellemezzük különböző vállalatcsoportok esetében, majd a főbb tapasztalatok összegzését követően ajánlásokat fogalmazunk meg az eredményes vállalati gyakorlat kapcsán az üzleti szféra számára

Comparative analysis and functional implications of ligand dependent changes in estrogen- and thyroid hormone receptor expression in the developing cerebellum

Abstract Trophic hormones are important regulators of CNS development and function. In particular, estrogen (E2) and thyroid hormones (THs) regulate cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and synaptogenesis/network formation during cerebellar development. These hormone-regulated events involve the binding of hormone ligands to their cognate receptors that function as transcription factors to activate relevant genes for the adequate orchestration of developmental processes. Recent reports implicate a complex mechanism through which E2 and THs influence the expression levels of each other’s receptors (ERs and TRs) to precisely mediate developmental signals. Here we examined the effects of the presence or absence of E2 and THs on the expression levels of their receptor mRNAs and proteins. Cerebellar granule cell cultures were treated with either E2, T3, T4 or a combination of these hormones, and resulting receptor expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. Results were compared to non-treated controls and to samples obtained from 14-day-old in situ cerebella. Additionally, we determined the effects that glial cells might have on the regulation of ER-TR expression levels. Results show that: (i) ER and TR expression levels depend on the individual or combined presence/absence of E2 and THs; (ii) glial cells are important mediators in the hormonal regulation of neuronal ER-TR expression, and (iii) loss of tissue integrity results in characteristic changes in ER-TR expression levels. These observations suggest that both E2 and THs are required for the precise orchestration of cerebellar development and that alterations in the tissue concentration of either of the hormones may influence signaling mechanisms that are driven by both E2 and THs. Comparison of data from in vitro and in situ samples also revealed a shift in receptor expression levels after loss of tissue integrity, likely indicating possible adjusting/regenerative mechanisms after cerebellar tissue injury

Possible hypothalamic laterality in the central regulation of GnRH release: thoughts that might lead to a novel approach in hypothalamic studies

The midcycle E2 surge induces a synaptic reorganization in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), thus increasing the ratio of stimulatory/inhibitory synapses. This synaptic reorganization disinhibits GnRH neurons and leads to an LH surge. Synaptic functions are energy dependent and require mitochondrial ATP production. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (NTPDase3) may play a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial ATP levels in stimulatory MBH neurons. The positive gonadophin feedback involves the generation and function of large numbers of hypothalamic stimulatory synapses, thus, it might be associated with increased mitochondrial ATP production and increased mitochondrial respiration (mr). Anatomically, there are paired brain areas in the two hemispheres and unpaired structures along the anatomical midline. Distinct sides of paired brain areas usually regulate distinct physiological processes, rather than sharing roles to regulate the exact same functions. However, there are certain brain regions with no known functional differences between the two sides. One such brain area is the MBH, which has always been investigated as an unpaired midline structure despite its clearly symmetric anatomical characteristics. Investigation of mr in MBH synaptosomal fractions in our laboratory has indicated that besides ipsylateral intrahypothalamic differences (i.e., differences between the lateral and medial regions of the MBH on the same side) a functional laterality may exist between homologous areas of symmetric hypothalamic structures. Therefore, we have investigated mr rates, with special regard to ADP-dependent state 3 mr, in the MBH with isolated left and right sides. Our initial results imply that the MBH regulation of the E2-induced gonadotrophin surge is unilateral, and that there is an urging need for a technical solution to identify in vivo the dominant hypothalamic side that enters into the positive gonadotrophin phase of the estrous cycle

aiMotive Dataset: A Multimodal Dataset for Robust Autonomous Driving with Long-Range Perception

Autonomous driving is a popular research area within the computer vision research community. Since autonomous vehicles are highly safety-critical, ensuring robustness is essential for real-world deployment. While several public multimodal datasets are accessible, they mainly comprise two sensor modalities (camera, LiDAR) which are not well suited for adverse weather. In addition, they lack far-range annotations, making it harder to train neural networks that are the base of a highway assistant function of an autonomous vehicle. Therefore, we introduce a multimodal dataset for robust autonomous driving with long-range perception. The dataset consists of 176 scenes with synchronized and calibrated LiDAR, camera, and radar sensors covering a 360-degree field of view. The collected data was captured in highway, urban, and suburban areas during daytime, night, and rain and is annotated with 3D bounding boxes with consistent identifiers across frames. Furthermore, we trained unimodal and multimodal baseline models for 3D object detection. Data are available at \url{https://github.com/aimotive/aimotive_dataset}.Comment: The paper was accepted to ICLR 2023 Workshop Scene Representations for Autonomous Drivin

Association of adherence to therapy and complementary and alternative medicine use with demographic factors and disease phenotype in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background and aims: Previous studies have suggested an increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, a significant number of IBD patients fail to comply with treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of non-adherence and the use of CAM in Hungarian patients with IBD. Methods: A total of 655 consecutive IBD patients (CD: 344, age: 38.2 [SD 12.9] years; UC: 311, age: 44.9 [15.3] years) were interviewed during the specialist visit by self-administered questionnaire including demographic and disease-related data as well as items analyzing the extent of non-adherence and CAM use. Patients taking more than 80% of each prescribed medication were classified as adherent