Specific aspects of researching the oncogenesis and metastatasing potential of laringeal squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant tumor metastasizing, comprised of several consecutive steps beginning with local cancer cell invasion, is a key factor which compromises the prognosis of cancer patients and is responsible for 90% of the lethal outcome. 2/3 of our diagnosed patients show with locally advanced process and/or metastatic disease (stage III/IV).Researching key molecular and cellular mechanisms tied to development and metastasizing of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is of clinical importance to developing and using molecular target therapy.Based on popular literature studies the emphasize was put on the following genes: TP53, CDKN2A – accentuating on exons 1,2,3, and PIK3CA – exons 9, 20, as primarily connected to the higher mutation potential of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Researching the genetic similarity between carcinoma and metastasis could potentially help understanding the genotype and mutation potential of Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas. The practical potential use of this knowledge is the developing of predictive markers and better therapeutic algorithms for diagnosed patients. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Туморното метастазиране, включващо няколко последователни стъпки, започвайки от инвазия на раковите клетки в околните тъкани, е ключовият фактор, който компрометира прогнозата на раково болните пациенти и отговаря за 90% от смъртността. 2/3 от диагностицираните пациенти са с локално авансирал процес и/ или метастатична болест (стадий III или IV).Проучването на молекулярни и клетъчни механизми, водещи до формирането и метастазирането на плоскоклетъчния карцином от ларингеален произход, би било от клинична полза за разработването на молекулярна таргетна терапия.На базата на обширен литературен обзор акцентът е поставен върху следните гени – TP53, CDKN2A – exons 1,2,3 and PIK3CA – exons 9, 20, като потенциални отговорници за повишаване метастатичния потенциал на плосколетъчния карцином от ларингеален произход.Изследването на генетично сродство между карцином и метастаза би имало теоретичен принос към опознаването на генотипа и мутационния статус на плоскоклетъчните карциноми на глава и шия, чийто практически потенциал се изразява като прогностична стойност за преживяемостта на онкоболните и подобряване на терапевтичния алгоритъм при диагностицирани пациенти

Changes in gene expression of EGFR and LAD1 in patients with metastatic squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma

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Оценка состояния зеленых насаждений в скверах Улан - Удэ

Research on green area in Ulan-Ude has not been carried out since the moment of planting in 1970. The researchers didn’t study hardy-shrub species and factors of their strengthening and weakening. The research aims at evaluation of green areas in the mini-parks of UlanUde. The authors assess green areas in all mini-parks of the city and define species composition of hardy-shrub species and their condition. The researchers found out 23 species of trees and shrubs used in landscaping of Ulan-Ude. The identified species belong to 12 families and 23 genera. The largest number of species belongs to Rosaceae-7 species, the smallest number of hardy-shrub species belong to Cornaceae, Adoxaceae, Oleaceae and Ulmaceae. The researchers observed hardy-shrub species and found out that trees predominate (56.3%) the shrubs (43.5 %). Dominating tree species in the mini-parks are the balsamifera (L.) and Ulmus pumila (L.). The bushes commonly observed are Caragana arborescens (Lam.). The vital state of tree and shrubbery plantings is generally characterized as medium-stable, damaged, ranging from stable, healthy to unstable, severely damaged. The range of tree and shrubbery plantings used in gardening of Ulan-Ude is completed. The conducted research revealed that the main factors of lower resistance of green area in the city mini parks are seen as damaged development of the crown and drying of branches, mechanical damages of a trunk; stripping of bark and small deformations and cracks in a trunk, damages in axial escape and the crown related to high density of landings, curvature of a trunk and break of boughs of trees and bushes as a result of influence of wind or anthropogenic activity; careless attitude to requirements of cutting trees and bushes; twisting of leaves, modification of shoots, colorful Gauls due to attacks on them aphids; the presence of bacterial diseases in balsamic poplar; infectious pathologies of trunks and leaves.Обследования зеленых насаждений г. Улан-Удэ не проводились с момента посадок в 1970-х годах, детально не изучалось состояние древесно-кустарниковых насаждений, факторы их ослабления и усыхания. Цель исследований – дать оценку состояния зеленых насаждений в скверах г. Улан-Удэ. Впервые в условиях г. Улан-Удэ проведена детальная инвентаризация зеленых насаждений на территории всех скверов, где определен видовой состав древесно-кустарниковых насаждений, дана первичная оценка их состояния. Установлено 23 вида деревьев и кустарников, которые используются в озеленении г. Улан-Удэ. Выявленные виды относятся к 12 семействам и 23 родам. Наибольшее число видов принадлежит семейству Rosaceae – 7 видов, наименьшее количество видов деревьев и кустарников представлено семействами Cornaceae, Adoxaceae, Oleaceae и Ulmaceae. Среди выявленных деревьев и кустарников преобладают деревья (56,3 %), кустарники составляют 43,5 %. Преобладающими древесными породами в скверах города являются Рopulus balsamifera (L.) и Ulmus pumila (L.). Среди кустарников чаще встречается Caragana arborescens (Lam.). Жизненное состояние древесно-кустарниковых насаждений в целом характеризуется как среднеустойчивое, повреждённое, варьируя от устойчивых, здоровых до неустойчивых, сильно повреждённых. Ассортимент деревьев и кустарников, который используется в озеленении г. Улан-Удэ, в целом сложился. На основе проведенных исследований к основным факторам снижения устойчивости городских зеленых насаждений на территории скверов города следует отнести: нарушения развития кроны и усыхание ветвей, наличие механических повреждений ствола; обдир коры и образование небольших деформаций и трещин ствола, нарушения развития осевого побега и кроны, связанные с высокой плотностью посадок, искривление ствола и слом сучьев деревьев и кустарников в результате воздействия ветра или антропогенной деятельности, а также отсутствие должного ухода и нарушения общепринятых требований обрезки деревьев и кустарников; скручивание листьев, видоизменение побегов, появление разноцветных галлов вследствие нападения на них тлей; наличие бактериальных болезней у тополя бальзамического; поражаемость инфекционными патологиями стволов и листьев

Conjugation of a Ru(II) Arene Complex to Neomycin or to Guanidinoneomycin Leads to Compounds with Differential Cytotoxicities and Accumulation between Cancer and Normal Cells

A straightforward methodology for the synthesis of conjugates between a cytotoxic organometallic ruthenium(II) complex and amino- and guanidinoglycosides, as potential RNA-targeted anticancer compounds, is described. Under microwave irradiation, the imidazole ligand incorporated on the aminoglycoside moiety (neamine or neomycin) was found to replace one triphenylphosphine ligand from the ruthenium precursor [(η6-p-cym)RuCl(PPh3)2]+, allowing the assembly of the target conjugates. The guanidinylated analogue was easily prepared from the neomycin-ruthenium conjugate by reaction with N,N′-di-Boc-N″-triflylguanidine, a powerful guanidinylating reagent that was compatible with the integrity of the metal complex. All conjugates were purified by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested in MCF-7 (breast) and DU-145 (prostate) human cancer cells, as well as in the normal HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney) cell line, revealing a dependence on the nature of the glycoside moiety and the type of cell (cancer or healthy). Indeed, the neomycin-ruthenium conjugate (2) displayed moderate antiproliferative activity in both cancer cell lines (IC50 ≈ 80 μM), whereas the neamine conjugate (4) was inactive (IC50 ≈ 200 μM). However, the guanidinylated analogue of the neomycin-ruthenium conjugate (3) required much lower concentrations than the parent conjugate for equal effect (IC50 = 7.17 μM in DU-145 and IC50 = 11.33 μM in MCF-7). Although the same ranking in antiproliferative activity was found in the nontumorigenic cell line (3 2 > 4), IC50 values indicate that aminoglycoside-containing conjugates are about 2-fold more cytotoxic in normal cells (e.g., IC50 = 49.4 μM for 2) than in cancer cells, whereas an opposite tendency was found with the guanidinylated conjugate, since its cytotoxicity in the normal cell line (IC50 = 12.75 μM for 3) was similar or even lower than that found in MCF-7 and DU-145 cancer cell lines, respectively. Cell uptake studies performed by ICP-MS with conjugates 2 and 3 revealed that guanidinylation of the neomycin moiety had a positive effect on accumulation (about 3-fold higher in DU-145 and 4-fold higher in HEK293), which correlates well with the higher antiproliferative activity of 3. Interestingly, despite the slightly higher accumulation in the normal cell than in the cancer cell line (about 1.4-fold), guanidinoneomycin-ruthenium conjugate (3) was more cytotoxic to cancer cells (about 1.8-fold), whereas the opposite tendency applied for neomycin-ruthenium conjugate (2). Such differences in cytotoxic activity and cellular accumulation between cancer and normal cells open the way to the creation of more selective, less toxic anticancer metallodrugs by conjugating cytotoxic metal-based complexes such as ruthenium(II) arene derivatives to guanidinoglycosides

The formation and the development of psychological education in Gorky Statе Pedagogical University in 20-80 years OF THE XX CENTURY

The present article analyzes the history of formation and development of psychological education in Gorky Statе Pedagogical University (GSPU). The key stages and directions of scientific and pedagogical activity of psychological department of GSPU are briefly outlined. The dependence of scientific creativity as the individual scientist (the fate of the S.M. Vasileysky in thirties of the twentieth century), and the work of the scientific team of the Department of Psychology (in fifties of the twentieth century) from the ideological influences of society is shown. The data on scientists-psychologists having made a great contribution to the development of psychological education in the traditions of the university are presented. There is an analysis of scientific research in the psychological department of GSPU during the stated period of time

EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORMS: FROM EXPERIMENT TO EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE (EXPERIENCE OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD SCHOOL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION)

This article presents the results of long-term theoretical and experimental studies on the problem of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with mental retardation. It is shown that children with mental retardation is a special category in need of creating specific pedagogical conditions in order to compensate for the defect in their mental development, which should be subordinated with targeted diagnostic and individual correctional work. The basic principles of scientific concept of learning, education and training children with mental retardation in the system "kindergarten-school" developed by Professor U.V. Ulienkova are considered in the article. The formation and activities of the department of child psychology of the Gorky State Pedagogical Institute scientific school of special education are analyzed, where the department staff carry out the research activities to ensure the systematic introduction of scientific innovations into educational practice.( on the example of experimental sites)

TEACHING TALENT AND TEACHING INTELLECT: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED APPROACHES DESIGN

Introduction: the article deals with current problems of teaching talent and teaching intelligence. A review of the main foreign psychological concepts of giftedness is presented (the concept of “intellectual threshold” is a triad concept of giftedness, a five-factor psychosocial model of giftedness, etc.), different approaches to understanding the structure of this phenomenon are analyzed. The theoretical concepts of giftedness of domestic researchers are discussed in the context of the psychology of intelligence and the psychology of creativity: the working concept of giftedness, the theory of intellectual giftedness, the dynamic theory of giftedness, etc.). The national concept of teaching talent of schoolchildren is analyzed from the point of view of the authors' understanding of the psychological content and dynamics of the development of teaching talent in the age aspect. Materials and methods: the main methods of the research are the analysis of the literature, formalization and modeling, psychological and pedagogical design of theoretical and applied approaches to the description of the phenomenons of teaching talent and teaching intelligence.Results: the author's understanding of teaching talent as a psychological prerequisite for the development of pedagogical abilities and teaching intelligence is proposed, its structure and content of its components are determined. The variable range of manifestations of universal structural components (creativity, activity, level of development of cognitive processes) and special structural components (pedagogical, communicative and organizational tendencies, artistry, speech abilities, empathy, interest in teaching activity) teaching talent are described. A brief overview of the key modern psychological theories of intelligence, including plural, emotional, creative, practical intelligence is given. Some domestic studies are analyzed, in particular the structural-dynamic theory of social intelligence. A teaching intelligence construct is introduced that meets the modern principles of scientific knowledge: inter-paradigm, the search for new generalizations based on the study of the history of the problem and the requirements of new approaches. The author's understanding of teaching intelligence as an integrative individual psychological personality characteristic is formulated. A five-factor structure of teaching intellect is presented, including cognitive intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence, emotional and social intelligence.Discussion and Conclusions: the definition of theoretical and applied approaches to describing the phenomenons of teaching talent and teaching intelligence is the basis for developing the conceptual framework for identifying and accompanying pedagogically gifted youth. The prospect of the study is the development of instruments for diagnosing and monitoring the effectiveness of work on supporting pedagogically gifted young people at all stages of the life cycle of the teaching profession. The article is addressed to a wide range of specialists involved in the work of supporting gifted children and pedagogically gifted youth - schoolchildren, applicants, students and graduates of pedagogical universities