Quantum phase properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states

Quantum phase properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states (and a set of quantum states which can be obtained as the limiting cases of these states) are investigated from a number of perspectives, and it is shown that the quantum phase properties are dependent on the quantum state engineering operations performed. Specifically, the analytic expressions for quantum phase distributions and angular $Q$ distribution as well as measures of quantum phase fluctuation and phase dispersion are obtained. The uniform phase distribution of the initial Fock states is observed to be transformed by the unitary operation (i.e., displacement operator) into non-Gaussian shape, except for the initial vacuum state. It is observed that the phase distribution is symmetric with respect to the phase of the displacement parameter and becomes progressively narrower as its amplitude increases. The non-unitary (photon addition/subtraction) operations make it even narrower in contrast to the Fock parameter, which leads to broadness. The photon subtraction is observed to be a more powerful quantum state engineering tool in comparison to the photon addition. Further, one of the quantum phase fluctuation parameters is found to reveal the existence of antibunching in both the engineered quantum states under consideration. Finally, the relevance of the engineered quantum states in the quantum phase estimation is also discussed, and photon added displaced Fock state is shown to be preferable for the task.Comment: Quantum phase properties of an engineered quantum state has been studied from various perspective

Lower- and higher-order nonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states

Nonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been studied using various witnesses of lower- and higher-order nonclassicality. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for the nonclassicality witnesses. Using those expressions, it is established that these states and the states that can be obtained as their limiting cases (except coherent states) are highly nonclassical as they show the existence of lower- and higher-order antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics, in addition to the nonclassical features revealed through the Mandel $Q_M$ parameter, zeros of Q function, Klyshko's criterion, and Agarwal-Tara criterion. Further, some comparison between the nonclassicality of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been performed using witnesses of nonclassicality. This has established that between the two types of non-Gaussianity inducing operations (i.e., photon addition and subtraction) used here, photon addition influences the nonclassical properties more strongly. Further, optical designs for the generation of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states from squeezed vacuum state have also been proposed.Comment: A comparative study of the nonclassicality present in photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states shows photon addition is generally preferable nonclassicality inducing operation, while subtraction also has advantage in some cases over additio

Adaptive Interval Type II Fuzzy Logic Controller with Interface Inductor Bank Pulse Generator Based Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM Device for Power Quality Improvement

It goes without saying that the electrical distribution system is facing many power-quality issues these days. The main cause of these issues is the wide spread of nonlinear load integrated with the electrical distribution system. Moreover, the DSTATCOM device with interface inductor has different control algorithms. These encompass proportional integral controller, Interval type I fuzzy logic and interval type II fuzzy logic along used for improving the power quality issues. Before integration with the electrical distribution grid, these controllers need the tune processing. The combination of DSTATCOM with the load, which is different from the tuned one, and the wrong selection of the interface inductor leads to the failure of DSTATCOM device in the mitigation of source current harmonics. This study suggests that the use of adaptive interval type II fuzzy logic with the interface bank pulse generator based DSTATCOM device with self-tunning process and self-selection of the interface inductor would be suitable for all load types integrated into the distribution system within the rated power of DSTATCOM device. The adaptive interval type II fuzzy logic with the interface bank pulse generator based DSTATCOM device mitigates the source current harmonics and gives fast DC capacitor bus voltage response. Employing the suggested control algorithm based DSATCOM device makes the DC capacitor voltage signal settling time at almost 50 ms and total harmonic distortion of the source current at almost 4% for all cases of the load connected with the distribution system within the rated power of DSTATCOM device

Impact of photon addition and subtraction on nonclassical and phase properties of a displaced Fock state

Various nonclassical and quantum phase properties of photon added then subtracted displaced Fock state have been examined systematically and rigorously. Higher-order moments of the relevant bosonic operators are computed to test the nonclassicality of the state of interest, which reduces to various quantum states (having applications in quantum optics, metrology and information processing) in different limits ranging from the coherent (classical) state to the Fock (most nonclassical) states. The nonclassical features are discussed using Klyshko's, Vogel's, and Agarwal-Tara's criteria as well as the criteria of lower- and higher-order antibunching, sub-Poissonian photon statistics and squeezing. In addition, phase distribution function and quantum phase fluctuation have been studied. These properties are examined for various combinations of number of photon addition and/or subtraction and Fock parameter. The examination has revealed that photon addition generally improves nonclassicality, and this advantage enhances for the large (small) values of displacement parameter using photon subtraction (Fock parameter). The higher-order sub-Poissonian photon statistics is only observed for the odd orders. In general, higher-order nonclassicality criteria are found to detect nonclassicality even in the cases when corresponding lower-order criteria failed to do so. Photon subtraction is observed to induce squeezing, but only large number of photon addition can be used to probe squeezing for large values of displacement parameter. Further, photon subtraction is found to alter the phase properties more than photon addition, while Fock parameter has an opposite effect of the photon addition/subtraction. Finally, nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity is also established using $Q$ function.Comment: Nonclassical and quantum phase properties of photon added then subtracted displaced Fock state are studied in detai

Manipulating nonclassicality via quantum state engineering processes: Vacuum filtration and single photon addition

The effect of two quantum state engineering processes that can be used to burn hole at vacuum in the photon number distribution of quantum states of radiation field are compared using various witnesses of lower- and higher-order nonclassicality as well as a measure of nonclassicality. Specifically, the witnesses of nonclassical properties due to the effect of vacuum state filtration and a single photon addition on an even coherent state, binomial state and Kerr state are investigated using the criteria of lower- and higher-order antibunching, squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. Further, the amount of nonclassicality present in these engineered quantum states is quantified and analyzed by using an entanglement potential based on linear entropy. It is observed that all the quantum states studied here are highly nonclassical, and on many occasions the hole burning processes are found to introduce/enhance nonclassical features. However, it is not true in general. The investigation has further revealed that despite the fact that a hole at vacuum implies a maximally nonclassical state (as far as Lee's nonclassical depth is used as the quantitative measure of nonclassicality). However, any particular process of hole burning at vacuum does not ensure the existence of a particular nonclassical feature. Specifically,lower- and higher-order squeezing are not observed for photon added even coherent state and vacuum filtered even coherent state.Comment: Effect of holeburning is studied for various engineered quantum state

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL TRENDS IN PAEDIATRIC CASES OF DENGUE: A SINGLE CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU.

Aim: This study is an attempt to perform an analysis about the clinical profile, serological indicators and predictors of dengue in children. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted including paediatric dengue admissions into a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai. Children under the age of 15 were included in the study. The demographic details, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of these patients were collected by reviewing medical records and the data was entered into a standardized data collection sheet. Results: In the study, it was found that the mean age was 8.5 years. It was found that males (59.6%, n=34) were slightly more affected than females. On clinical examination, 24.5% of the subjects showed hepatomegaly and 5 cases of the subjects showed fluid accumulation in the abdomen. A majority (66.6%) of the subjects showed thrombocytopenia; with 31 having mild to moderate thrombocytopenia and 7 children having severe thrombocytopenia. An elevation of serum SGOT levels (>120 IU/L) was seen in about 80.7% of the patients. About 12% of the subjects showed hyponatremia. Conclusion: It is observed in our study that the presence of prodromal symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, vomiting, and lethargy does not preclude the diagnosis of dengue. Severe dengue was associated with a large decrease in platelet counts with severe thrombocytopenia leading to shock in the majority of the cases. Elevated liver enzymes were an added feature with the Transaminase levels being ten times the upper limit of normal. Hyponatremia was also a notable laboratory derangement. Recommendation: The over-the-counter (OTC) drug acetaminophen can help reduce muscle pain and fever. But if you have dengue fever, other OTC pain relievers like aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), and naproxen sodium (Aleve) should be avoided. These pain relievers can increase the risk of dengue fever bleeding complications

An inversion affecting the GCH1 gene as a novel finding in dopa-responsive dystonia

SUPPLEMENTARY FILE : SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE S1. Pedigree of the family. Arrow indicates proband who underwent genetic studies, filled symbol indicates affected, squares represent males and circles represent females. d. MVA = died in motor vehicle accident. Additional family members were not available for testing. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE S2. Illumina short read whole genome sequencing data indicating a structural variant (NC_000014.8:g.[55343254_55346605del;55346606_60822142inv;60822143_60823119del]) on chromosome 14 affecting GCH1. Chimaeric (“split”) reads identified by the ClinSV tool are visualized in the IGV genome browser. To ease interpretation the alignments of segments of two representative reads are highlighted (A00488:195:HGJN7DSX2:3:2336:15573:12743 in red, and A00488:195:HGJN7DSX2:3:2160:31503:1219 in blue). Other tracks show the deletions which flank the inversion, and the exonic structure of GCH1 transcript NM_000161.3. (A) The left-hand (centromere proximal) breakpoint region, associated with a 3.4 kb deletion. (B) The right-hand (centromere distal) breakpoint region, associated with a smaller (1.0 kb) deletion. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE S3. Oxford Nanopore long read sequencing (LRS) data supporting the proposed structural variant. Chimaeric nanopore sequences are visualized in the IGV genome browser. The sequence alignments confirm the breakpoints indicated by short read sequencing analysis, and extend wide enough for a high level of confidence in read locations. (A, B) Inversion breakpoint regions as in Fig. S2, but in a 50 kb window.No abstract available.Paul Ainsworth Family Foundation. Open access publishing facilitated by University of New South Wales, as part of the Wiley - University of New South Wales agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23301619hj2024School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

HER2-enriched subtype and novel molecular subgroups drive aromatase inhibitor resistance and an increased risk of relapse in early ER+/HER2+ breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Oestrogen receptor positive/ human epidermal growth factor receptor positive (ER+/HER2+) breast cancers (BCs) are less responsive to endocrine therapy than ER+/HER2- tumours. Mechanisms underpinning the differential behaviour of ER+HER2+ tumours are poorly characterised. Our aim was to identify biomarkers of response to 2 weeks’ presurgical AI treatment in ER+/HER2+ BCs. METHODS: All available ER+/HER2+ BC baseline tumours (n=342) in the POETIC trial were gene expression profiled using BC360™ (NanoString) covering intrinsic subtypes and 46 key biological signatures. Early response to AI was assessed by changes in Ki67 expression and residual Ki67 at 2 weeks (Ki672wk). Time-To-Recurrence (TTR) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox models adjusted for standard clinicopathological variables. New molecular subgroups (MS) were identified using consensus clustering. FINDINGS: HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype BCs (44.7% of the total) showed poorer Ki67 response and higher Ki672wk (p<0.0001) than non-HER2-E BCs. High expression of ERBB2 expression, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and TP53 mutational score were associated with poor response and immune-related signatures with High Ki672wk. Five new MS that were associated with differential response to AI were identified. HER2-E had significantly poorer TTR compared to Luminal BCs (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.14–5.69; p=0.0222). The new MS were independent predictors of TTR, adding significant value beyond intrinsic subtypes. INTERPRETATION: Our results show HER2-E as a standardised biomarker associated with poor response to AI and worse outcome in ER+/HER2+. HRD, TP53 mutational score and immune-tumour tolerance are predictive biomarkers for poor response to AI. Lastly, novel MS identify additional non-HER2-E tumours not responding to AI with an increased risk of relapse

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries