Production, Purification and Efficacy of Bacteriocin Isolated from Natural Lactic Acid Fermentation of Wild Himalayan Fig Fruit

The biopreservative effect of purified bacteriocin produced during lactic acid fermentation of wild Himalayan fig pickle was investigated in RTS-drink. A total number of seven isolates (SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, SS6 and SS7) were isolated from fermented wild Himalayan fig pickle. SS7 isolate was identified as Lactobacillus genus according to Bergeys Manual of Systemic Bacteriology. SS7 isolate of Lactobacillus genus produced bacteriocin with maximum antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus, though it was more effective against Bacillus cereus than others. Completely purified bacteriocin showed increased in zone of inhibition against food borne pathogens then partially purified bacteriocin. Bacteriocin was thermo stable as it retains its stability up to 121 °C. The maximum antimicrobial activity was retained within the pH range of 6–7, but it was adversely affected by the addition of proteolytic enzyme papain. The biopreservative efficacy of bacteriocin of SS7 isolate was found in RTS-drink. In RTS-drink, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of bacteriocin was found to be 4.0 mL for Bacillus cereus, E. coli and 4.5 mL for L. monocytogenes

Hemangioma of the clitoris: A case report

Introduction: Hemangioma is usually a benign vascular tumor caused by endothelial cell proliferation and often presents in early childhood. It can occur anywhere on the body but most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back. Clitoris is a rare site for it. Case presentation: A 6-year-old-female child presented with a complaint of pain and a reddish-black swelling at the tip of clitoris for last 4 months. There was a history of bleeding from it. After local examination and ultrasonography with Doppler, a collaborative diagnosis of vascular swelling of clitoris was made. Surgical excision was done under local anaesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed it to be clitoral cavernous hemangioma. Conclusion: Vascular anomalies embody a myriad of blood vessel abnormalities. Correct diagnosis is imperative for appropriate treatment. Treatment of these hemangiomas involves multiple therapeutic options; wait and watch strategy being the most practised but sometimes surgical excision proves to be a better option depending upon the presentation and site of the lesion

Mechanically Activated Covalent Organic Framework as Metal Free Photocatalyst for Continuous Flow Fenton-like Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Hexavalent Chromium Reduction

A highly active photocatalyst is unveiled for the Fenton-like reactions in visible light. A metal-free covalent organic framework (COF) was highly active via a novel mechanical pulverization process. Under visible light, the activity of pulverized COF reached an apparent quantum yield of 41% for Fenton-like degradation. The exceptional performance is due to the conduction band\u27s induced high excited electron density. The outstanding performance does not require pH adjustment by external means, unlike metal-based photocatalysts. The pulverized COF can be recycled up to five times. For industrial scale implementation, the photocatalyst outperformed in a continuous flow channel. The photocatalytic space-time yield (PSTY) was increased by 28 times over conventional batch photocatalysis. For successful chemical reactions, an exceedingly small amount of photocatalyst is required. Additionally, a very high photoreduction rate was also observed for hexavalent chromium, which was significantly better than the parent COF

SifA SUMOylation governs Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular survival via modulation of lysosomal function

One of the mechanisms shaping the pathophysiology during the infection of enteric pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium is host PTM machinery utilization by the pathogen encoded effectors. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) during infection in host cells thrives in a vacuolated compartment, Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV), which sequentially acquires host endosomal and lysosomal markers. Long tubular structures, called as Salmonella induced filaments (SIFs), are further generated by S. Tm, which are known to be required for SCV's nutrient acquisition, membran maintenance and stability. A tightly coordinated interaction involving prominent effector SifA and various host adapters PLEKHM1, PLEKHM2 and Rab GTPases govern SCV integrity and SIF formation. Here, we report for the first time that the functional regulation of SifA is modulated by PTM SUMOylation at its 11th lysine. S. Tm expressing SUMOylation deficient lysine 11 mutants of SifA (SifAK11R) is defective in intracellular proliferation due to compromised SIF formation and enhanced lysosomal acidification. Furthermore, murine competitive index experiments reveal defective in vivo proliferation and weakened virulence of SifAK11R mutant. Concisely, our data reveal that SifAK11R mutant nearly behaves like a SifA knockout strain which impacts Rab9-MPR mediated lysosomal acidification pathway, the outcome of which culminates in reduced bacterial load in in vitro and in vivo infection model systems. Our results bring forth a novel pathogen-host crosstalk mechanism where the SUMOylation of effector SifA regulated S. Tm intracellular survival.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Republished: Sulphur alters NFκB-p300 cross-talk in favour of p53-p300 to induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma

Adverse side effects of chemotherapy during cancer treatment have shifted considerable focus towards therapies that are not only targeted but are also devoid of toxic side effects. We evaluated the antitumorigenic activity of sulphur, and delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying sulphurinduced apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. A search for the underlying mechanism revealed that the choice between the two cellular processes, NFκBp65-mediated survival and p53-mediated apoptosis, was decided by the competition for a limited pool of transcriptional coactivator protein p300 in NSCLC cells. In contrast, sulphur inhibited otherwise upregulated survival signaling in NSCLC cells by perturbing the nuclear translocation of p65NFκB, its association with p300 histone acetylase, and subsequent transcription of Bcl-2. Under such anti-survival condition, induction of p53-p300 cross-talk enhanced the transcriptional activity of p53 and intrinsic mitochondrial death cascade. Overall, the findings of this preclinical study clearly delineated the molecular mechanism underlying the apoptogenic effect of the non-toxic homeopathic remedy, sulphur, in NSCLC cells