Multiple reading: text and theory

It was with great pleasure that I accepted an invitation to run a workshop at the recent NZATE Conference. The topic of my session was an overview of the use of literary theory in the teaching of English and that same focus directs this written version of my presentation. I approach this topic not as a theory guru or expert, but as a practitioner who has found that an understanding and application of theory has made me a better teacher. In particular, I believe that judicious use of theory enables me to communicate to students the diverse ways in which written and visual texts can be read, encouraging them to think for themselves in a fresh and original manner and to see points of connection between a range of texts. Combined with the essential critical tools of close reading and textual analysis and support, a knowledge of theory helps students to think critically and to shape informed, coherent arguments

Five imperial adventures in the Waikato

Some late nineteenth-century exponents of the 'Novel of Adventure', or imperial adventure-romance, regarded colonial New Zealand as an attractive canvas for their tales of masculine daring in an exotic, rugged environment.3 Five such authors set their narratives, in part or in full, in the Waikato of the 1860s, drawn to the backdrop of inter-racial conflict provided by the New Zealand Wars. While references to specific events and people associated with colonial Waikato do ground many of these texts in historical reality, it has to be said that, regardless of whether the authors write from experience, careful research, or flights of imaginative fantasy, the Waikato that is described in their narratives has been selected for its frontier possibilities rather than its distinctive geography

Instrument or object? The New Zealand piano on display

The piano is rather a unique display item in the museum or the historic house. Firstly, whether an upright or a grand, the piano is an imposing, substantial object that occupies significant space within a setting and immediately demands attention because of its proportions. This object has a history, a story to tell that, where the provenance of the piano is known, provides a direct, tangible link with the past. Secondly, the piano is an aesthetic object, finely crafted and giving pleasure to the eye through the grain of the wood, the sheen of the polish, the black and white chessboard of the keyboard, the intricacy of the carved legs or marquetry inlay, the elegance of its shape and design. Finally, it is a musical instrument designed to produce sound and thus has the potential to delight the ear as well as the eye. Indeed, sight and sound are not the only senses to be satisfied by the instrument. The musty perfume of old wood and the sharp tang of lacquer entice the nose, while the satin wood and cool ivory keys please the fingers. It is through touch, the interplay between the body and the instrument, with hands on the keys and feet on the pedals, that a piano is given voic

Spatial crime patterns and the introduction of the UK minimum wage

In this paper we consider the connection between crime and the labour market in a different way to existing work. We focus on a situation where the introduction of a minimum wage floor to a labour market previously unregulated by minimum wage legislation provided substantial pay increases for low paid workers. From a theoretical perspective we argue that this wage boost has the potential to alter peoples’ incentives to participate in crime. We formulate empirical tests, based upon area-level data in England and Wales, which look at what happened to crime rates before and after the introduction of the national minimum wage to the UK labour market in April 1999. Comparing police force area-level crime rates before and after the minimum wage introduction produces evidence in line with the notion that changing economic incentives for low wage workers can influence crime

Age 5 cognitive development in England

Children’s development in the early years has been shown to be related to their success in later life in a range of areas including education, employment and crime. Determining why some children do better than others in the early years is a key issue for policy and is crucial in attempts to reduce inequalities. This research examines differences in early child development by examining the factors associated with the cognitive ability of children up to age 5 using cognitive assessments administered as part of the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and teacher reports of child ability. The results show that younger children, those with low birth weight, lower parental education, lower income and living in social housing is related both to lower achievement, on average. and the probability of being at the bottom of the distribution of cognitive scores at age 5

Millennium Cohort Study Second Survey: A User's Guide to Initial Findings

This report presents some of the main initial findings of the Second Survey of the Millennium Cohort Study conducted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies, which is based at the Institute of Education, University of London. It is intended to provide an introduction to potential users of the survey and to stimulate further in-depth and longitudinal analysis

Childcare and Mothers' Employment: Approaching the Millennium

Childcare provision in the UK has evolved alongside the expansion of mothers’ employment, transforming the experiences of successive generations. This paper reviews some mixed evidence on outcomes of maternal employment and offers a detailed examination of the working mothers’ use of childcare. In particular, it looks at the differential use of formal and informal childcare provision using the first survey of Millennium Cohort Study, which is compared, as far as possible, with evidence from the earlier birth cohort studies in 1970 and 1958. The affordability and trustworthiness of formal childcare remains a constraint on its use and indirectly on labour supply for some mothers

Patients' advocacy: the development of a service at the State Hospital, Carstairs, Scotland

Advocacy is part of the process of empowering patients and involving them in the development of services. This paper describes the development of an advocacy service in the State Hospital at Carstairs and explores the issues involved in advocacy in a maximum secure environment. Using a model of citizen advocacy the service was started in September 1997. Patient involvement throughout the hospital was high with approximately 88% of patients having some contact with the service by January 2000. Most of the issues raised by patients are similar to those in any mental health advocacy project. Entrapment is a particular issue for some patients. Safety and security issues influence every aspect of the service. This ranges from advocates having to do more for patients rather than enable them to do things for themselves (e.g. make telephone calls) to the principle of the patients' wishes being paramount being tempered by security demands