The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children

This article examines the impact of the pandemic on the physical activity and play behavior of U.S. children and to provide evidence based recommendations to improve their physical activity

Concurrent Validity of The Expanded Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (E-CAST)

# Background The Expanded Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (E-CAST) has been previously shown to be reliable when assessing lower extremity alignment during a 45-degree sidestep cut, however, the validity of this tool remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the E-CAST by comparing visually identified movement errors from two-dimensional (2D) video with three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical variables collected using motion capture. # Study Design Cross Sectional # Methods Sixty female athletes (age 14.1 ± 1.5 years) who regularly participated in cutting/pivoting sports performed a sidestep cut with 2D video and 3D motion capture simultaneously recording. One clinician scored the 2D videos for each limb using the E-CAST criteria. Joint angles and moments captured in 3D were computed for the trunk and knee. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the accuracy of each E-CAST item and to provide cut-off points for risk factor identification. # Results ROC analyses identified a cut-off point for all biomechanical variables with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 70-85% and 55-89%, respectively. Across items, the area under the curve ranged from 0.67 to 0.91. # Conclusion The E-CAST performed with acceptable to outstanding area under the curve values for all variables except static knee valgus. # Level of evidence 3

Functional results after surgical treatment for congenital knee dislocation

BACKGROUND: Congenital knee dislocation (CDK) is a rare congenital deformity, which often requires surgery for treatment. Little objective data exist characterizing the outcome of patients who require operative treatment for this condition. The purposes of this study were to objectively evaluate the functional, clinical, and gait outcomes of patients who underwent surgical treatment of CDK; and compare the results of outcome between 2 surgical approaches for this condition: quadricepsplasty and femoral shortening. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all patients (7) treated surgically for CDK. Patients were evaluated at an average follow-up of 12+6 years. Each patient underwent a clinical examination, functional evaluation using the Lysholm Knee Questionnaire and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, and a 3-dimensional gait evaluation. The results of the total group were compared with normal controls. Additionally, results of the patients treated with quadricepsplasty were compared with patients treated with femoral shortening. RESULTS: Total knee range of motion for the entire group averaged 112 degrees, with 8 of the 9 knees having flexion\u3e90 degrees. Seven of the 9 knees were found to have some degree of instability on examination, yet none of the patients reported using any form of brace for ambulation. Functional evaluation showed good knee specific and overall function, comparable to normal controls. There were no differences in clinical or functional outcomes between the 2 surgical approaches. Gait analysis revealed a stiff-knee gait pattern to the congenital knee dislocation group, as compared with normal controls, and subtle differences in knee function between the surgical approaches. CONCLUSIONS: The function of patients after surgical treatment for CDK seems to be quite good compared with normal controls. Good knee specific and overall function scores are reported with limitations seen only in higher demand activities. Despite instability of the knee noticed on clinical examination, patients ambulate without braces and have a functional knee range of motion. Little difference in outcome was seen between the 2 surgical approaches used to treat this condition. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Study, Level III. Copyright © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins