Phenotyping and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates from Turkey revealing arise of different features specific to geography

WOS: 000390071600012PubMed ID: 27768932192 Food samples (commonly consumed 8 food types), 355 animal samples (animal feces of bovine, ovine, goat and chicken) and 50 samples from clinical human cases in Sanliurfa city, Turkey in a year were collected to determine the Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica mosaic in Turkey. 161 Salmonella isolates represented 17 serotypes, 20 sequence types (STs) and 44 PFGE patterns (PTs). 3 serotypes, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky, were recovered from three different hosts. The highest discriminatory power was obtained by PFGE (SID = 0.945), followed by MLST (SID = 0.902) and serotyping (SID = 0.885) for all isolates. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB, aphA(1-lab) bla(TEM-1), bla(PSE-1), tetA) was highly correlated with phenotypic profiles of aminoglycoside, beta-lactam and tetracycline groups (kappa >0.85). From our knowledge, this is the first study reporting spatial and temporal distribution of Salmonella species through phenotypic and genetic approaches over farm to fork chain in Turkey. Thus, our data provided further information for evolution, ecology and transmission of Salmonella in Turkey. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.Scientific and Technical Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK 3501(1120192)]We acknowledge Dr. Martin Wiedmann from Cornell University for using BioNumerics, Dr. Nihat Dilsiz from Harran University Medicine Faculty, Harran University Veterinary Faculty for the valuable discussion, and Dr. Tolga Can from Middle East Technical University, Computer Engineering for building a web-based database. This work is partially supported by The Scientific and Technical Council of Turkey Grant TUBITAK 3501(1120192)