Relationship of oxygen tension to viral disease Final report

Tissue culture development for isolation and quantization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis viru

Performance of Hollow Load Process Challenge Devices (HLPCDs) for the determination of air removal and steam penetration in porous load steam sterilization processes: Part 1 – The evolution of HLPCDs in standards and a review of the current supporting published evidence

Steam sterilization Process Challenge Devices (PCDs) are devices which present a defined challenge to a sterilization process. In part one of a two part series the authors review the published literature covering studies evaluating the removal of air and penetration of steam into hollow tubular devices and then discuss the relevance of the material in support of the current custom and practice of utilising simple tubular PCDs (Hollow Load Process Challenge Devices HLPCDs) as a means of monitoring production loads for adequacy of air removal and steam penetration. This review places such data in the context of the evolution of HLPCDs in the standards for small and large porous load steam sterilizers. With regard to the apparent acceptance of the HLPCD in EN 867-5 into custom and practice for batch monitoring the literature suggests this may be misleading. The literature review concludes that there is an urgent need for an International Standard which describes how a HLPCD can be developed and tested against real medical devices in a range of sterilization processes representing current state of the art in full load conditions

Free-Flight Tests of Fifth-Stage Scout Entry Vehicle at Mach Numbers of 5 and 17

Measurements have been made in air at two Mach numbers of the static stability, normal force, and drag of a version of the fifth-stage Scout entry vehicle. The most significant result was that the design center of gravity led to a condition of static instability at small angles of attack at Mach number 17. At this Mach number, the static stability was a highly nonlinear function of the angle of attack. A useful method for analyzing free-flight data having this nonlinear behavior is included in this report. Comparisons were made between the measured aerodynamic coefficients and those estimated by Newtonian impact theory and by a method developed by Seiff and Whiting. The latter method gave good estimates of the normal-force-curve slope at both Mach numbers and of the moment-curve slope at the lower Mach number. It resulted in an overestimation of the static stability at Mach number 17, although it gave results decidedly closer to the experimental value than did Newtonian impact theory

The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Productivity of American Mathematicians

It has been difficult to open up the black box of knowledge production. We use unique international data on the publications, citations, and affiliations of mathematicians to examine the impact of a large post-1992 influx of Soviet mathematicians on the productivity of their American counterparts. We find a negative productivity effect on those mathematicians whose research overlapped with that of the Soviets. We also document an increased mobility rate (to lower-quality institutions and out of active publishing) and a reduced likelihood of producing “home run” papers. Although the total product of the pre-existing American mathematicians shrank, the Soviet contribution to American mathematics filled in the gap. However, there is no evidence that the Soviets greatly increased the size of the “mathematics pie.” Finally, we find that there are significant international differences in the productivity effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union, and that these international differences can be explained by both differences in the size of the émigré flow into the various countries and in how connected each country is to the global market for mathematical publications.

A Shred of Credible Evidence on the Long Run Elasticity of Labor Supply

The available estimates of the wage elasticity of male labor supply in the literature have varied between -0.2 and 0.2, implying that permanent wage increases have relatively small, poorly determined effects on labor supplied. The variation in existing estimates calls for a simple, natural experiment in which men can change their hours of work, and in which wages have been exogenously and permanently changed. We introduce a panel data set of taxi drivers who choose their own hours, and who experienced two exogenous permanent fare increases instituted by the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. Our preferred estimate suggests that their elasticity of labor supply is about -0.2.male labor supply, effect of wage rates, long run labor supply, public policies, taxation, social safety nets, and redistribution of income, New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission

Kingdom Come

A secret service agent returns home to reconcile with his wife just as the Rapture begins. His scramble to reunite with her becomes all the more urgent when a violent cult begins terrorizing the city in its final hour

A Preliminary Investigation of Physical-Chemical Treatment of Slagging Gasifier Aqueous Effluent

The feasibility of treating slagging gasifier wastewater by physical-chemical means was studied. Pretreatment and treatment flow schemes were developed by using batch and continuous tests. Results were based mainly on wastewater residual total organic carbon (TOC). A treatment facility was designed and economically evaluated. It was found that slagging gasifier wastewater is treatable by physical-chemical means using activated carbon and chemical oxidation as the two principal treatment steps. A pretreatment scheme consisting of lime addition, ammonia stripping, and recarbonation-coagu- lation was found to sufficiently purify the raw gasifier liquor so that activated carbon adsorption and chemical oxidation could be applied as secondary and tertiary treatment. Oxidants found to be ineffective were: chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium permanganate. Ozone and bromine chloride were determined to be capable of oxidizing gasifier wastewater although bromine chloride oxidation seems to be more economical. LCK activated carbon, manufactured by Union Carbide, proved to be the preferred granular carbon for slagging gasifier liquor treatment. A total capital investment of approximately $14,748,000 can be expected for a facility capable of purifying pretreated wastewater produced from a slagging gasification plant having a large enough3 gas output to produce 250 million standard ft^3/day of methane. Annual operating costs are estimated to be$7,413,000, i.e., $10.75 per 1000 gallons of pretreated liquor