41 research outputs found
Discrete quantum spectrum of black holes
The quantum genesis of Hawking radiation is a long-standing puzzle in black
hole physics. Semi-classically one can argue that the spectrum of radiation
emitted by a black hole look very much sparse unlike what is expected from a
thermal object. It was demonstrated through a simple quantum model that a
quantum black hole will retain a discrete profile, at least in the weak energy
regime. However, it was suggested that this discreteness might be an artifact
of the simplicity of eigen-spectrum of the model considered. Different quantum
theories can, in principle, give rise to different complicated spectra and make
the radiation from black hole dense enough in transition lines, to make them
look continuous in profile. We show that such a hope from a geometry-quantized
black hole is not realized as long as large enough black holes are dubbed with
a classical mass area relation in any gravity theory ranging from GR,
Lanczos-Lovelock to f(R) gravity. We show that the smallest frequency of
emission from black hole in any quantum description, is bounded from below, to
be of the order of its inverse mass. That leaves the emission with only two
possibilities. It can either be non-thermal, or it can be thermal only with the
temperature being much larger than 1/M.Comment: Matches the published versio
Decoding infrared imprints of quantum origins of black holes
We analyze the emission spectrum of a (fundamentally quantum) black hole in
the Kerr-Newman family by assuming a discretization of black hole geometry and
the holographic entropy-area relation. We demonstrate that, given the above
structure of black hole entropy, a macroscopic black hole always has
non-continuously separated mass states and therefore they descend down in
discrete manner. We evaluate the step size of the discrete spectrum, which
vanishes in the extremal limit, leading to a continuum spectrum as expected
from thermal nature of black holes. This further reveals an interesting
relation, in each class, between the dynamic and kinematic length scales for
all black holes belonging to the Kerr-Newman family, pointing towards a
possible universal character across the class, dependent only on black hole
mass. Further, we have presented the computation of maximum number of emitted
quanta from the black hole as well as an estimation of its lifetime. We also
argue the independence of these features from the presence of additional
spacetime dimensions.Comment: v3: Published Version; 18 pages, 2 figure
Black Holes: Eliminating Information or Illuminating New Physics?
Black holes, initially thought of as very interesting geometric constructions
of nature, over time, have learnt to (often) come up with surprises and
challenges. From the era of being described as merely some interesting and
exotic solutions of \gr, they have, in modern times, really started to test our
confidence in everything else, we thought we know about the nature. They have
in this process, also earned a dreadsome reputation in some corners of
theoretical physics. The most serious charge on the black holes is that they
eat up information, never to release and subsequently erase it. This goes
absolutely against the sacred principles of all other branches of fundamental
sciences. This realization has shaken the very base of foundational concepts,
both in quantum theory and gravity, which we always took for granted. Attempts
to exorcise black holes of this charge, have led us to crossroads with
concepts, hold dearly in quantum theory. The sphere of black hole's tussle with
quantum theory has readily and steadily grown, from the advent of the Hawking
radiation some four decades back, into domain of quantum information theory in
modern times, most aptly, recently put in the form of the firewall puzzle. Do
black holes really indicate something sinister about their existence or do they
really take the lid off our comfort with ignoring the fundamental issues, our
modern theories are seemingly plagued with? In this review, we focus on issues
pertaining to black hole evaporation, the development of the information loss
paradox, its recent formulation, the leading debates and promising directions
in the community.Comment: Published in Univers
Generalized thermalization in quenched free Fermionic models
We investigate generalized thermalization in an isolated free Fermionic chain
evolving from an out of equilibrium initial state through a sudden quench. We
consider the quench where a Fermionic chain is broken into two disjoint chains.
We focus on the evolution of the local observables namely, occupation number,
information sharing and out-of-time-order correlations after the quench and
study the relaxation of the observable, leading to generalized Gibbs ensemble
for the system in the thermodynamic limit. We obtain the light cone formed by
the evolution of the observables along the Fermionic lattice chain due to the
sudden quench which abides by the Lieb-Robinson bound in quantum systems. We
also analytically study a simpler model which captures the essential features
of the system. Our analysis strongly suggest that the internal interactions
within the system do not remain of much importance once the quench is
sufficiently strong.Comment: 14 Pages, 14 Figure