Interpretation of 1H-NMR spectrum of alginate by 1H-1H TOCSY and COSY spectrum

The sodium alginate was prepared from brown seaweeds in Thua-Thien-Hue coastal area. The obtained alginate was characterized by 1H-NMR, 1H-1H TOCSY and COSY spectra. The  assignment of alginate peaks in 1H-NMR spectrum is 5.09, 4.446, 4.152, 4.318, 4.135 ppm in correspondence to H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 of D-mannuronic acid and 5.473, 4.318, 4.446, 4.571, 4.883 ppm in correspondence to H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 of L-guluronic acid, respectively. The present results are essential for the investigating guidance of alginate and its derivatives

Neuromuscular Blockade Agents Reversal with Sugammadex Compared to Neostigmine in the Living Kidney Donors

Backround: The reversation of NMBA (neuromuscular blocking agents) prevents numerous postoperative complications, increases quality of recovery and decreases the time, expenditure spending in hospital. The choice of medicine used to reverse NMBA depends  considered as a key fators to gain the best outcome and to avoid the side effects. Aim: To evaluate the postoperative effect on muscle relaxation reversal and side effects of sugammadex 2 mg/kg versus the combination of  neostigmine and atropine sulfate in the living kidney donors. MethodS: A randomised controlled trial on 70 patients undergoing living kidney donation surgery were allocated to 2 groups. Patients in group I (SUGA) were reversed with sugammadex 2 mg/kg and in group II (NEO/ATR) with the combination of neostigmine and atropine sulfat. Results: With 35 patients in each group, the study results showed that after 3 mintutes of reversal patients reaching TOF value ≥ 0.9 in group SUGA is 91.4%, after 5 minutes 100% of patients in group SUGA reached TOF value ≥ 0.9 . In group NEO/ATR after 3 minutes 28.6% patients reached TOF ≥ 0.9 and 40% patients reached TOF≥ 0.9 after 5 minutes. The difference in percentage of patients reaching TOF ≥ 0.9 after 3 minutes, 5 minutes of reversal between two groups is significant (p<0.05). After 10 minutes, 100% patients in both group got TOF ≥ 0.9. Time to exutubation of group SUGA was 249.43 ± 81.75 seconds and it was 456.29 ± 146.45 seconds in group NEO/ATR. Nausea, bradycardia, and increased phlegm production in group NEO/ATR was 22.9%; 28.5%; 25.7% respectively; while those side effects were not met in group SUGA, the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The muscle relaxation reversal effect of sugammadex was faster than that of neostigmine, the duration TOF ≥ 0.9 and the time to extubation was significantly faster. Sugammadex did not cause hemodynamic changes before and after muscle relaxation reversal, neostigmine resulted in the bradycardia, increased phlegm secreting and other side effects. The renal function after 24 hours postoperatively of two groups was similar

CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGINATE PREPARED FROM BROWN SEAWEEDS IN THUA THIEN-HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM

The characterization of alginate prepared from brown seaweeds in TT-Hue province of Vietnam was investigated. Composition and the sequential structure of alginate were determined by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, TOCSY, 1H-1H COSY, and 1H-13C-HSQC spectrum. It is found that alginate with molecular weight around 101 KDa is composed of homopolymeric regions of M and G blocks, interspersed with very small amount of regions of alternating structure of MG block.  This information is essential for application guideline of alginate in TT-Hue province

CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGINATE PREPARED FROM BROWN SEAWEEDS IN THUA THIEN-HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM

The characterization of alginate prepared from brown seaweeds in TT-Hue province of Vietnam was investigated. Composition and the sequential structure of alginate were determined by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, TOCSY, 1H-1H COSY, and 1H-13C-HSQC spectrum. It is found that alginate with molecular weight around 101 KDa is composed of homopolymeric regions of M and G blocks, interspersed with very small amount of regions of alternating structure of MG block.  This information is essential for application guideline of alginate in TT-Hue province

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AGAR EXTRACTED FROM SIX RED SEAWEED SPECIES GROWING IN THE COAST OF VIETNAM

Polysaccharides extracted from six red seaweed species growing in Vietnam have been studied. Characterisation of their structure by chemical and spectroscopic methods showed that all of them have a basic repeating structure of alternating 3-linked b-D-galactopyranosyl and 4-linked 3,6-anhydro a-L-galactopyranosyl units with substituted methyl ether groups.   The native agar offers only weak gelling abilities owing to the 4-linked a-L-galactopyranosyl 6-sulfate as its precursor. Conversion of this unit into the corresponding 3,6-anhydride by treating with hot alkali generally led to gel strength increasing. The agars from G. fisheri and G. firma are poorly substituted, while those from G.asiatica, G.tenustipitata and G. heteroclada are partly methylated on position 6 of the 3-linked b-D- galactose. Agar from Gelidiella acerosa is partlly methylated on both positions 6 and 2 of the 4linked 3,6-anhydro a-L-galactose.   The alkali- modified agars have been obtained in acceptable quantities with gel strength of 300932 g/cm2. The obtained results showed that all the six algal species are suitable as raw material for commercial agar production and worthy of further cultivatio

APPLICATION OF NMR IN THE INVESTIGATION OF DYNAMIC TAUTOMERISM OF 4(3H)-QUINAZOLINONE SYSTEM

Tautomerism of 4(3H)-quinazolinone system with [(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(4oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide and N’-[(1E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide as two representative compounds was investigated on the basis of 1H NMR method at coalescence with the help of line formprogramme. The dynamic parameters such as k, Ea, DG*, DH*, DS* were fully calculated with high reliability

Monitoring Antibiotic Use and Residue in Freshwater Aquaculture for Domestic Use in Vietnam

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