School readiness : what it means to be ready for kindergarten

This review of the literature examined the recent literature on the subject of school readiness. The purpose of this review of the literature was to identify how schools and parents view school readiness, as well as how emergent literacy plays a role in preparing students for public school education. Assessments, skills, early learning standards, literacy practices, and entry age were discussed. In researching recent literature for the review multiple searches were conducted including the search terms of school readiness and transition. Pianta, Cox, and Snow (2007) discussed the domains of developmental functioning in the early childhood years, which served as a basis for continued research. Summative findings included family involvement, the importance of emergent literacy, and individual student development

Class size : appropriate student-teacher ratios in early childhood classrooms in relation to student achievement

The purpose of this literature review was to examine the effects of reduced class sizes in early childhood classrooms in relation to student achievement, and to present guidelines for implementing class-size reduction programs and practices in K-3 classrooms. Average- and actual-class size, student-teacher ratios, per-pupil expenditures, student achievement, health and well-being, curricula, and cost-effectiveness were discussed. In researching recent literature for this review, multiple searches were conducted including searches for class-size reduction, student-teacher ratios, cost-effectiveness, and districts that implemented class-size reduction programs. Gilman (1988) conducted research on Tennessee\u27s Project STAR which served as a basis for continued research. Summative findings included student-teacher ratios, which are an integral part of student achievement, also guidelines for future class-size reduction programs were developed to improve learning experiences for young children

Roots, Rocks, Rabbits: Residue Analysis of Early Holocene Ground Stone from the Little Steamboat Point-1 Rockshelter (35HA3735), Warner Valley, OR

The Pleistocene-Holocene Transition was a time of considerable environmental and technological change in the northern Great Basin. People adapted by seeking new modes of subsistence, and many researchers have long assumed that an increased reliance on low-ranked seeds processed using ground stone tools was one such mode. Recently, some researchers have started to reconsider the role of ground stone. The Little Steamboat Point-1 Rockshelter in Warner Valley, Oregon provides an opportunity to explore the adoption of ground stone during the terminal early Holocene (9775-8000 cal BP). The site contained a robust early Holocene cultural record with abundant ground stone and leporid (rabbit and hare) remains, but few economically important seeds, suggesting that people ground the animal carcasses after successful rabbit drives. To determine the tasks for which the tools were used, I submitted 46 ground stone tools for protein residue analysis. I also analyzed 25 of those tools for starch grains. Protein residue analysis revealed a lack of leporid protein. Starch grain analysis revealed a presence of biscuitroot (Lomatium sp.) and wildrye (Leymus cinereus) starch grains. These results have important implications regarding early Holocene subsistence-settlement patterns, foraging decisions, and how we interpret archaeological sites

Urinary Calculi

Urinary calculi formed by the precipitation of salts from the urine occur especially in cattle, sheep, dogs and horses. The presence of calculi in the urinary tract may cause no apparent discomfort to the animal, or they may cause serious symptoms and result in death due to the obstruction of the flow of urine. They usually occur primarily in the wider parts of the urinary apparatus, either in the renal pelvis, possibly in the straight urinary tubes, or in the bladder and may later be carried to other portions of the urinary passages

Postwar Planning

The history of postwar periods of the past would indicate that following the armistice of the second world war, great changes may be expected. It behooves us in the proposed world uplift program to be sure to give adequate attention to our professional problems. The veterinary profession is confronted with impending changes which it must undergo following the cessation of hostilities. While adapting itself to those changes it is imperative that it maintain its position in the respected sphere of medical science. In the process of this metamorphosis the profession must be alert to utilize this opportunity to establish itself in the desirable new fields which may develop rapidly with the consummation of peace

Impressions of Veterinary medicine in Europe

In attempting to comment on a six weeks tour of European veterinary schools it must first be acknowledged that impressions gained are not necessarily factual. This is particularly true since the visits were made during the vacation period while classes were not in session and many of the faculty members were vacationing. Also in certain of the countries the language problem prevented a complete exchange of thoughts. Nevertheless, the cordiality and warmth with which i was received and the effort made to fully acquaint me with each school was gratifying

Hysteria of the Parturient Sow

Survey studies made by the United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Experiment Stations of Iowa, Illinois and Indiana indicate that an average of 1.1 percent of the pigs farrowed are eaten by the sow. It is true that this is but a small percentage of the pigs lost before weaning age. However, these losses are often due to the destruction of an entire litter and by the time a sow has reached farrowing time she represents a considerable investment by the owner. The newborn killed by the vicious sow represent only a part of the loss. Pigs refused by the mother may be transferred to other litters or fed by hand which is often not as satisfactory as being mother fed. In spite of its commonplace occurrence, veterinary literature makes scant mention of this condition

Secondary teachers as early childhood principals: A qualitative case study

Research has demonstrated a correlation between effective education leaders, principals in particular, and student achievement. The correlation included characteristics, or responsibilities, that effective principals exhibit in order to raise student achievement. These responsibilities, along with developmentally appropriate practices, serve as conceptual frameworks for this case study. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of preschool through third grade teachers who have served under principals with early childhood/elementary backgrounds and those with backgrounds in middle/secondary education. This qualitative case study focused on 10 Iowa early childhood classroom teachers in grades preschool through third. Further, all participants currently teach in early childhood classrooms in various sizes of school districts from rural, suburban, and urban areas throughout the state of Iowa. Data collection was completed through survey, semi-structured interviews, and document review. This case study focused on the effects principals have on early childhood programming. The concept of early childhood educational leadership applies to Iowa’s early childhood principals who serve teachers, students, and families in grades preschool through third. Themes that appeared throughout this case study included an early childhood principal’s need to: (a) have a background in early childhood education, (b) have an advanced understanding of child development, (c) implement effective teaching strategies to close the achievement gap, (d) communicate and relate to staff and students effectively, and (e) be visible in the early childhood classrooms. Implications include the option for the Iowa Board of Educational Examiners (BOEE) to reexamine the effects of licensing principals PK-12. In addition, the institutes of higher education within Iowa may need to adjust their programming to better serve the needs of early childhood educational leaders

Veterinary Medicine in Guatemala

Guatemala is the Central American country nearest the United States. It is bounded on the north and west by mexico, on the southeast by Honduras and El Salvador. It has a seventy mile Atlantic coast line and a two hundred mile Pacific coast line. The national territory comprises 42,000 square miles, not including the 8,605 of Belice (British Honduras) claimed by Guatemala

Addressing Ocular Motor Dysfunction in Children with Autism within Occupational Therapy Practice

Autism affects 1 in every 54 children and has been present in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020b). Every individual diagnosed with autism can have varying skills and abilities, when dysfunction occurs impacting engagement in everyday occupation, occupational therapy services may be recommended. One important area to consider during occupational therapy evaluation, in order to explain dysfunction, is the visual system (Zoltan, 2007). Efficiently comprehending information retrieved through the visual system is crucial for successful engagement in daily occupations. Ocular motor function is a fundamental skill as explained in Warren’s hierarchy of visual development and is required for developing comprehensive visual adaptation. Throughout the literature is has been made clear that there is a high prevalence of visual dysfunction among those with autism (Bakroon & Lakshminarayanan, 2016; Davis et al., 2006; Schmitt et al., 2014). Results from the conducted needs assessment indicate that occupational therapists have a general knowledge of ocular motor function, but do not feel equipped to address it in everyday practice. There is a great need for expanded knowledge and resources in occupational therapy practice in order to address ocular motor skill. To address the discovered area of limitation, ocular motor dysfunction in children with autism, a three-module education course was created for occupational therapy professionals. The education course developed meets a great need within the professional occupational therapy community and will serve as a resource for many therapists