28 research outputs found

    Black Agrarianism: The Significance of African American Landownership in the Rural South

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    Agrarianism is important in the American mythos. Land represents both a set of values and a store of wealth. In this article, we ask how land matters in the lives of rural, southern, Black farmland owners. Drawing on 34 interviews, we argue that, since the end of slavery, land has continued to operate as a site of racialized exclusion. Local white elites limit Black farmers’ access to landownership through discriminatory lending practices. At the same time, Black farmland owners articulate an ethos in which land is a source of freedom, pride, and belonging. This we term “Black agrarianism.” They cultivate resistance to the legacies of slavery and sharecropping and contemporary practices of social closure. These Black farmland owners, then, view land as protection from white domination. Thus, we demonstrate how landownership is a site for the re‐creation of racial hierarchy in the contemporary period while also offering the potential for resistance and emancipation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146353/1/ruso12208_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146353/2/ruso12208.pd

    Women, Schooling, and Marriage in Rural Philippines

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    Using data from the Bicol region of the Phillipines, we examine why women are more educated than men in a rural, agricultural economy in which women are significantly less likely than men to participate in the labor market. We hypothesize that educational homogamy in the marriage market and cross-productivity effects in the household allow Filipino women to reap substantial benefits from schooling regardless of whether they enter the labor market. Our estimates reveal that the return to schooling for women is approximately 20 percent in both labor and marriage markets. In comparison, men experience a 12 percent return to schooling in the labor market. By using birth order, sibship size, percent of male siblings, and parental education as instruments, we correct for a significant downward bias that is caused by the endogeneity of schooling attainment

    Access, adoption, and diffusion: understanding the long-term impacts of improved vegetable and fish technologies in Bangladesh

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    This paper assesses long-term impacts of early adoption of vegetable and polyculture fish production technologies on household and individual well-being in Bangladesh. In 1996-1997 and 2006-2007, a panel of households were surveyed in three sites where non-governmental organisations and extension programmes disseminated agricultural technologies. Using nearest-neighbour matching to construct a statistical comparison group, the authors find that long-term impacts differ across agricultural technology interventions and across outcomes. Long-term impacts on household-level consumption expenditures and asset accumulation are, in general, insignificant in the improved vegetables sites, but are positive and significant in the individually operated fish ponds sites. However, the impacts on individual nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and nutritional status do not follow the pattern of household-level impacts. Differences in long-term and short-term impacts arise from several causes: differences in dissemination and targeting mechanisms that may affect household-level adoption decisions; initial differences between comparison and treatment groups; divisibility and ease of dissemination of the technology; and intrahousehold allocation processes that determine the allocation of gains from the new technology among household members.adoption, agriculture, Bangladesh, impact assessment,

    Gender and collective action: motivations, effectiveness and impact

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    Gender is often a key determinant of people's abilities to participate in collective action, yet there has been relatively little research on the links between gender and collective action. This article, and the ones that follow in this special issue, explore the intersection of these two fields. We present three entry points for a gendered analysis of collective action: motivations to engage in collective action; effectiveness of collective action (as defined by group objectives and the process by which the group works to meet those objectives); and impact of collective action on gender equity. We discuss each of these themes by highlighting key issues presented in the articles in this special issue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

    Women's Empowerment and Nutrition: An Evidence Review

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