A Method for Decrypting Data Infected with Rhysida Ransomware

Ransomware is malicious software that is a prominent global cybersecurity threat. Typically, ransomware encrypts data on a system, rendering the victim unable to decrypt it without the attacker's private key. Subsequently, victims often pay a substantial ransom to recover their data, yet some may still incur damage or loss. This study examines Rhysida ransomware, which caused significant damage in the second half of 2023, and proposes a decryption method. Rhysida ransomware employed a secure random number generator to generate the encryption key and subsequently encrypt the data. However, an implementation vulnerability existed that enabled us to regenerate the internal state of the random number generator at the time of infection. We successfully decrypted the data using the regenerated random number generator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful decryption of Rhysida ransomware. We aspire for our work to contribute to mitigating the damage inflicted by the Rhysida ransomware

EMG Based Gesture Recognition Using the Unbiased Difference Power

In this paper, we propose an unbiased difference power that is robust against noise as a feature for electromyography (EMG)-based gesture recognition. The proposed unbiased difference power is obtained by subtracting the noise-biased part from the difference power. We derive the difference power equation and discover that the difference power is biased by twice the noise power. For noise power estimation, we utilized the characteristics of the EMG signal and estimated the noise power from the resting period. For performance evaluation, we used EMG signals provided by the open source Ninapro project database. We used the recognition accuracy as an evaluation index. We compare the recognition accuracy of the case using the proposed unbiased feature with those of two conventional cases. Experimental results show that the proposed unbiased difference power improves the accuracy compared with conventional ones. As the noise level increases, cases where the proposed unbiased difference power is used show a clear improvement in accuracy compared with the two conventional cases. For the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB, the proposed unbiased difference power improves the average accuracy by more than 12%

EMG Based Gesture Recognition Using the Unbiased Difference Power

In this paper, we propose an unbiased difference power that is robust against noise as a feature for electromyography (EMG)-based gesture recognition. The proposed unbiased difference power is obtained by subtracting the noise-biased part from the difference power. We derive the difference power equation and discover that the difference power is biased by twice the noise power. For noise power estimation, we utilized the characteristics of the EMG signal and estimated the noise power from the resting period. For performance evaluation, we used EMG signals provided by the open source Ninapro project database. We used the recognition accuracy as an evaluation index. We compare the recognition accuracy of the case using the proposed unbiased feature with those of two conventional cases. Experimental results show that the proposed unbiased difference power improves the accuracy compared with conventional ones. As the noise level increases, cases where the proposed unbiased difference power is used show a clear improvement in accuracy compared with the two conventional cases. For the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB, the proposed unbiased difference power improves the average accuracy by more than 12%

Exosomal Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Induces Ionizing Radiation-Adaptive Glioblastoma Cachexia

Cancer cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that leads to a severely compromised quality of life and increased mortality. A strong association between cachexia and poor prognosis has been demonstrated in intractable cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, it was demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR), the first-line treatment for GBM, causes cancer cachexia by increasing the exosomal release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) from glioblastoma cells. Exosomal PAI-1 delivered to the skeletal muscle is directly penetrated in the muscles and phosphorylates STAT3 to intensify muscle atrophy by activating muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1); furthermore, it hampers muscle protein synthesis by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 by TM5441 inhibited muscle atrophy and rescued muscle protein synthesis, thereby providing survival benefits in a GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In summary, our data delineated the role of PAI-1 in the induction of GBM cachexia associated with radiotherapy-treated GBM. Our data also indicated that targeting PAI-1 could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of GBM following radiotherapy, which would lead to a considerable improvement in the quality of life of GBM patients undergoing radiotherapy

Triazenyl Radicals Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

Notwithstanding the notable progress in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized radicals, aminyl radicals, supported by NHCs or otherwise, have been scarcely studied due to synthetic challenges. Triazenyl radical is a particular form of aminyl radical that contains three adjacent nitrogen atoms, and offers intriguing possibilities for unique reactivity and physical properties stemming from expected delocalization of the spin density over the NNN moiety and its conjugated substituents. Here, we report the synthesis and full characterization of the first NHC-stabilized triazenyl radicals, obtained by one-electron reduction of the corresponding triazenyl cations with potassium metal. These radicals reversibly oxidize back to the cations upon treatment with transition metal sources or electrophiles, and abstract H atom from xanthene to form a new N - H bond at the center nitrogen atom. Potential application of the redox couple between triazenyl cation and triazenyl radical was demonstrated as cathode active materials in lithium ion batteries. © 2017 American Chemical Society1441sciescopu

Tumor vasodilation by N-Heterocyclic carbene-based nitric oxide delivery triggered by high-intensity focused ultrasound and enhanced drug homing to tumor sites for anti-cancer therapy

Nitric oxide (NO) is widely known as an effective vasodilator at low concentrations. Drug delivery systems combined with NO can dilate blood vessels surrounding tumor tissues, and the drug accumulation in tumors is accelerated by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, leading to an improvement in the anti-tumor effect. N-heterocyclic carbene-based NO donors (e.g., 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolylidene nitric oxide (IMesNO) have been developed for stable NO storing in air and water, and NO release by thermolysis. Herein, we demonstrated on-demand NO release by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a stimulus, which generated high heat and exerted an ablation effect when treated in vivo. We demonstrated IMesNO to be a HIFU-responsive NO donor and its potential application in vivo using IMesNO-loaded micelles. Moreover, IMesNO-loaded micelles mixed with drug-loaded micelles (IMesNO/DOX@MCs) showed acceleration of drug accumulation in tumor sites and enhanced tumor growth inhibition. Thus, our findings suggest a potential clinical bioapplication of NO-releasing drug-loaded micelles owing to the therapeutic function of NO and HIFU treatment for anti-cancer therapy.11Nsciescopu