Fakta om musttillverkning: råvara och råvarukvalitet

Äpple är en utmärkt råvara för musttillverkning genom fruktens arom och naturligt behagliga balans mellan socker och syra. Eftersom så många olika faktorer påverkar både äpplets och mustens kvalitet är det nödvändigt att ha god kunskap om såväl råvara som produktionsmetoder för att kunna tillverka kvalitetsprodukter med unika egenskaper. Sortval, årsmån, odlingsplats, odlingsmetoder och mognadsstadium samt lagring bidrar till både fruktens och mustens egenskaper. Val av metod vid juicetillverkning påverkar också juicens kvalitet där tillverkning med eller utan tillsats av enzymer och klarningshjälpmedel har stor betydelse både på upplevd smak, innehåll av fibrer och nyttiga ämnen som t.ex. polyfenoler. Detta faktablad ger en översikt kring äpple som råvara för musttillverkning

The Systematics, Reproductive Biology, Biochemistry, and Breeding of Sea Buckthorn—A Review

Both the fruit flesh and seeds of sea buckthorn have multiple uses for medicinal and culinary purposes, including the valuable market for supplementary health foods. Bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, vitamins B, C, and E, carotenoids, polyphenols, ursolic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, and other active substances, are now being analyzed in detail for their medicinal properties. Domestication with commercial orchards and processing plants is undertaken in many countries, but there is a large need for improved plant material with high yield, tolerance to environmental stress, diseases, and pests, suitability for efficient harvesting methods, and high contents of compounds that have medicinal and/or culinary values. Applied breeding is based mainly on directed crosses between different subspecies of Hippophae rhamnoides. DNA markers have been applied to analyses of systematics and population genetics as well as for the discrimination of cultivars, but very few DNA markers have as yet been developed for use in selection and breeding. Several key genes in important metabolic pathways have, however, been identified, and four genomes have recently been sequenced

Flera nya utländska äppelsorter har bra kvalitet men är känsliga för sjukdomar

Odlarna vill ha nya sorter med bättre egenskaper, som gör det möjligt att bedriva hållbar och konkurrenskraftig odling av kvalitetsfrukt i Sverige. I detta faktablad sammanfattas resultat från två projekt med syftet att utvärdera odlings- och kvalitetsegenskaper hos några dessert- och mustäpplesorter, som nyligen tagits fram genom växtförädling

Många cideräppelsorter är känsliga för skorv men ger unik arom

I Sverige finns ingen tradition av att odla cideräpplen men intresset för att tillverka lokal cider har ökat markant under senare år. I detta faktablad sammanfattas resultat från två projekt som genomförts för att utvärdera och introducera nya cideräpplesorter för odling och vidareförädling i Sverige

Den skånska äpplemustens terroir

Idag ser vi ett kraftigt ökande intresse för lokalproducerad mat och dryck. Många konsumenter lägger stor vikt vid vad de konsumerar, varifrån livsmedlen kommer och hur de produceras. I vinsammanhang har man under lång tid använt sig av begreppet terroir för att sammanfatta lokalitetens betydelse för såväl upplevda som mätbara egenskaper. Något motsvarande har inte hittills dokumenterats för svenska äpplen – den viktigaste råvaran för must i Sverige. Finns det något samband mellan var frukten har odlats och mustens kvalitetsegenskaper? Kan konsumenter känna skillnad mellan must från olika odlingar men av samma sort? Hur kan detta kommuniceras? Detta var huvudfrågeställningarna i en pilotstudie vi nyligen genomförde tillsammans med skånska äppelodlare och musterier

Review of the Impact of Apple Fruit Ripening, Texture and Chemical Contents on Genetically Determined Susceptibility to Storage Rots

Fungal storage rots like blue mould, grey mould, bull's eye rot, bitter rot and brown rot destroy large amounts of the harvested apple crop around the world. Application of fungicides is nowadays severely restricted in many countries and production systems, and these problems are therefore likely to increase. Considerable variation among apple cultivars in resistance/susceptibility has been reported, suggesting that efficient defence mechanisms can be selected for and used in plant breeding. These are, however, likely to vary between pathogens, since some fungi are mainly wound-mediated while others attack through lenticels or by infecting blossoms. Since mature fruits are considerably more susceptible than immature fruits, mechanisms involving fruit-ripening processes are likely to play an important role. Significant associations have been detected between the susceptibility to rots in harvested fruit and various fruit maturation-related traits like ripening time, fruit firmness at harvest and rate of fruit softening during storage, as well as fruit biochemical contents like acidity, sugars and polyphenols. Some sources of resistance to blue mould have been described, but more research is needed on the development of spore inoculation methods that produce reproducible data and can be used for large screenings, especially for lenticel-infecting fungi

Water and ethanol extracts of Plantago major leaves show anti-inflammatory activity on oral epithelial cells

Context: The leaves of Plantago major have been used for the treatment of wounds and inflammation in folk medicine from prehistoric times. However there is no report on the use of P. major to treat inflammation in oral epithelial cell lines. Objective: The present study was undertaken to reveal possible anti-inflammatory effects of Plantago major leaf extracts on oral epithelial cells in-vitro. Materials and methods: Water- and ethanol-based extracts of P. major leaves were prepared from freezedried plant material, and tested in-vitro using the oral epithelial cell line H400. The anti-inflammatory activity of P. major was tested against E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) assay. Results: Both the water- and the ethanol-based extracts, as well as a combination of the two extracts, showed anti-inflammatory activity. A concentration of 0.1 mg/mL (on dry weight basis) yielded the best results for all extracts. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that synergistic effects of both polyphenols and watersoluble compounds (possibly polysaccharides) are responsible for anti-inflammatory activities of P. major

Djävulsklon från Afrika

Nyttjar man naturmedicinska preparat, har man troligen hört talas om djävulsklo från Afrika. I övrigt får denna torrmarksväxt anses tämligen okänd i Sverige. För stora delar av den fattiga befolkningen på landsbygden i Botswana, Namibia och Sydafrika utgör djävulsklo däremot en välkänd och viktig inkomstkälla

Genetic Characterization of the Norwegian Apple Collection

Commercial fruit production in Norway is located at around latitude 60 degrees north, demanding a careful choice of adapted cultivars. The most comprehensive collection of apple genetic resources in Norway is being kept in the Norwegian Apple Collection (NAC) at the Njos Fruit and Berry Centre (NJOS). The collection contains around 350 accessions and was recently genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Curated SNP data were used for the assessment of structure and diversity, pedigree confirmation, and core collection development. In the following SNP analysis, we identified several duplicates and parent-child relationships. Across the geographic regions represented, the collection was equally diverse. Different methods for analyzing population structure were applied. K-means clustering and a Bayesian modeling approach with prior assumptions of the data revealed five subpopulations associated with geographic breeding centers. The collection has a distinct genetic structure and low relatedness among the accessions; hence, two core collections with 100 accessions in each were created. These new core collections will allow breeders and researchers to use the NAC efficiently. The results from this study suggest that several of the accessions in the Norwegian Apple Collection could be of high importance for breeding purposes