Coupled oscillators and Feynman's three papers

According to Richard Feynman, the adventure of our science of physics is a perpetual attempt to recognize that the different aspects of nature are really different aspects of the same thing. It is therefore interesting to combine some, if not all, of Feynman's papers into one. The first of his three papers is on the ``rest of the universe'' contained in his 1972 book on statistical mechanics. The second idea is Feynman's parton picture which he presented in 1969 at the Stony Brook conference on high-energy physics. The third idea is contained in the 1971 paper he published with his students, where they show that the hadronic spectra on Regge trajectories are manifestations of harmonic-oscillator degeneracies. In this report, we formulate these three ideas using the mathematics of two coupled oscillators. It is shown that the idea of entanglement is contained in his rest of the universe, and can be extended to a space-time entanglement. It is shown also that his parton model and the static quark model can be combined into one Lorentz-covariant entity. Furthermore, Einstein's special relativity, based on the Lorentz group, can also be formulated within the mathematical framework of two coupled oscillators.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures, based on the concluding talk at the 3rd Feynman Festival (Collage Park, Maryland, U.S.A., August 2006), minor correction

Proton pygmy resonances: predictions for N=20 isotones

We study theoretically the low-energy electric-dipole response of N=20 isotones. We present results from a quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) and a continuum random-phase approximation (CRPA), and we compare them with results for the mirror Z=20 nuclei. According to our analysis, enhanced E1 strength is expected energetically well below the giant dipole resonance in the proton-rich isotones. Large amounts of E1 strength in the asymmetric N=20 isotones are predicted, unlike their equally asymmetric Z=20 mirror nuclei, pointing unambiguously to the role of structural effects such as loose binding. A proton-skin oscillation could develop especially in 46Fe. The proper description of non localized threshold transitions and the nucleon effective mass in mean-field treatments may affect theoretical predictions. We call for systematic theoretical investigations to quantify the role bulk-matter properties, in anticipation of measurements of E1 transitions in proton-rich nuclei.Comment: 10 pages, incl. 9 figures and 2 tables; v2: some rephrasing and clarifications, corrected Fig.

Standing waves in the Lorentz-covariant world

When Einstein formulated his special relativity, he developed his dynamics for point particles. Of course, many valiant efforts have been made to extend his relativity to rigid bodies, but this subject is forgotten in history. This is largely because of the emergence of quantum mechanics with wave-particle duality. Instead of Lorentz-boosting rigid bodies, we now boost waves and have to deal with Lorentz transformations of waves. We now have some understanding of plane waves or running waves in the covariant picture, but we do not yet have a clear picture of standing waves. In this report, we show that there is one set of standing waves which can be Lorentz-transformed while being consistent with all physical principle of quantum mechanics and relativity. It is possible to construct a representation of the Poincar\'e group using harmonic oscillator wave functions satisfying space-time boundary conditions. This set of wave functions is capable of explaining the quantum bound state for both slow and fast hadrons. In particular it can explain the quark model for hadrons at rest, and Feynman's parton model hadrons moving with a speed close to that of light.Comment: LaTex 20 pages, presented at the 2004 meeting of the International Association of Relativistic Dynamincs, to be published in the proceeding

Feynman's Decoherence

Gell-Mann's quarks are coherent particles confined within a hadron at rest, but Feynman's partons are incoherent particles which constitute a hadron moving with a velocity close to that of light. It is widely believed that the quark model and the parton model are two different manifestations of the same covariant entity. If this is the case, the question arises whether the Lorentz boost destroys coherence. It is pointed out that this is not the case, and it is possible to resolve this puzzle without inventing new physics. It is shown that this decoherence is due to the measurement processes which are less than complete.Comment: RevTex 15 pages including 6 figs, presented at the 9th Int'l Conference on Quantum Optics (Raubichi, Belarus, May 2002), to be published in the proceeding

Renormalization analysis of intermittency in two coupled maps

The critical behavior for intermittency is studied in two coupled one-dimensional (1D) maps. We find two fixed maps of an approximate renormalization operator in the space of coupled maps. Each fixed map has a common relavant eigenvaule associated with the scaling of the control parameter of the uncoupled one-dimensional map. However, the relevant ``coupling eigenvalue'' associated with coupling perturbation varies depending on the fixed maps. These renormalization results are also confirmed for a linearly-coupled case.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX, 2 eps figure

Consequences of Cadmium exposure on growth and reproduction across three generations of earthworm

Heavy metal pollution disturbs the soil ecosystem by negatively affecting soil fauna and flora. In term of biomass and activity Annelids are a very important part of the soil invertebrate community. They are one of the first organisms affected by heavy metal contamination in soil and as such are good model organisms for assessing soil contamination. The aim of this research is to observe how Cd impacts on health and reproduction in three consecutive generations of E. fetida. [...]falseOnlin

Generalized BFT Formalism of Electroweak Theory in the Unitary Gauge

We systematically embed the SU(2)$\times$U(1) Higgs model in the unitary gauge into a fully gauge-invariant theory by following the generalized BFT formalism. We also suggest a novel path to get a first-class Lagrangian directly from the original second-class one using the BFT fields.Comment: 14 pages, Latex, no figure