16,332 research outputs found
ExMobileViT: Lightweight Classifier Extension for Mobile Vision Transformer
The paper proposes an efficient structure for enhancing the performance of
mobile-friendly vision transformer with small computational overhead. The
vision transformer (ViT) is very attractive in that it reaches outperforming
results in image classification, compared to conventional convolutional neural
networks (CNNs). Due to its need of high computational resources,
MobileNet-based ViT models such as MobileViT-S have been developed. However,
their performance cannot reach the original ViT model. The proposed structure
relieves the above weakness by storing the information from early attention
stages and reusing it in the final classifier. This paper is motivated by the
idea that the data itself from early attention stages can have important
meaning for the final classification. In order to reuse the early information
in attention stages, the average pooling results of various scaled features
from early attention stages are used to expand channels in the fully-connected
layer of the final classifier. It is expected that the inductive bias
introduced by the averaged features can enhance the final performance. Because
the proposed structure only needs the average pooling of features from the
attention stages and channel expansions in the final classifier, its
computational and storage overheads are very small, keeping the benefits of
low-cost MobileNet-based ViT (MobileViT). Compared with the original MobileViTs
on the ImageNet dataset, the proposed ExMobileViT has noticeable accuracy
enhancements, having only about 5% additional parameters.Comment: Under Revie
Alpha-tocopherol exerts protective function against the mucotoxicity of particulate matter in amphibian and human goblet cells
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disorders and mortality. The cytotoxicity of PM is mainly due to the abnormal increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. The correlation between PM exposure and human disorders, including mortality, is based on long-term exposure. In this study we have investigated acute responses of mucus-secreting goblet cells upon exposure to PM derived from a heavy diesel engine. To this end, we employed the mucociliary epithelium of amphibian embryos and human Calu-3 cells to examine PM mucotoxicity. Our data suggest that acute exposure to PM significantly impairs mucus secretion and results in the accumulation of mucus vesicles in the cytoplasm of goblet cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that acute responses to PM exposure significantly altered gene expression patterns; however, known regulators of mucus production and the secretory pathway were not significantly altered. Interestingly, pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol nearly recovered the hyposecretion of mucus from both amphibian and human goblet cells. We believe this study demonstrates the mucotoxicity of PM and the protective function of alpha-tocopherol on mucotoxicity caused by acute PM exposure from heavy diesel engines
No Token Left Behind: Reliable KV Cache Compression via Importance-Aware Mixed Precision Quantization
Key-Value (KV) Caching has become an essential technique for accelerating the
inference speed and throughput of generative Large Language Models~(LLMs).
However, the memory footprint of the KV cache poses a critical bottleneck in
LLM deployment as the cache size grows with batch size and sequence length,
often surpassing even the size of the model itself. Although recent methods
were proposed to select and evict unimportant KV pairs from the cache to reduce
memory consumption, the potential ramifications of eviction on the generative
process are yet to be thoroughly examined. In this paper, we examine the
detrimental impact of cache eviction and observe that unforeseen risks arise as
the information contained in the KV pairs is exhaustively discarded, resulting
in safety breaches, hallucinations, and context loss. Surprisingly, we find
that preserving even a small amount of information contained in the evicted KV
pairs via reduced precision quantization substantially recovers the incurred
degradation. On the other hand, we observe that the important KV pairs must be
kept at a relatively higher precision to safeguard the generation quality.
Motivated by these observations, we propose \textit{Mixed-precision KV
cache}~(MiKV), a reliable cache compression method that simultaneously
preserves the context details by retaining the evicted KV pairs in
low-precision and ensure generation quality by keeping the important KV pairs
in high-precision. Experiments on diverse benchmarks and LLM backbones show
that our proposed method offers a state-of-the-art trade-off between
compression ratio and performance, compared to other baselines
Characteristics and treatments of large cystic brain metastasis: radiosurgery and stereotactic aspiration.
Brain metastasis represents one of the most common causes of intracranial tumors in adults, and the incidence of brain metastasis continues to rise due to the increasing survival of cancer patients. Yet, the development of cystic brain metastasis remains a relatively rare occurrence. In this review, we describe the characteristics of cystic brain metastasis and evaluate the combined use of stereotactic aspiration and radiosurgery in treating large cystic brain metastasis. The results of several studies show that stereotactic radiosurgery produces comparable local tumor control and survival rates as other surgery protocols. When the size of the tumor interferes with radiosurgery, stereotactic aspiration of the metastasis should be considered to reduce the target volume as well as decreasing the chance of radiation induced necrosis and providing symptomatic relief from mass effect. The combined use of stereotactic aspiration and radiosurgery has strong implications in improving patient outcomes
Wave Run-Up Phenomenon on Offshore Platforms: Part 1. Tension Leg Platform
This study reports on an extensive experimental campaign carried out to evaluate non-linear waves applied to offshore structures in extreme marine environments. An offshore tension leg platform (TLP) model was used to observe the waves around a fixed-type offshore structure. The wave amplitude measured in the experiments of this study was indicated as a wave run-up ratio. Both the first-order analysis and the analysis of the entire wave amplitude were described. The experimental results were compared with the calculations from a potential-based code in order to verify the effectiveness of the developed technology
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