RESEARCH ON THE USABILITY OF GAMES FOR THE INTERVENTION OF KOREAN DYSLEXIA - FOCUSING ON COUNTING GAMES –

It is estimated that around 5% of the Korean population, or about 2,500,000 people, have dyslexia. For the purpose of developing a functional dyslexia intervention, online phonological awareness games that focus on counting syllables and phonemes have been developed. In this research, a usability test was conducted to evaluate two such games. A checklist was developed based on the test results of the User Interface experts. The checklist consisted of 10 questions to be answered by students and 18 questions for clinicians. The subjects for the usability test comprised 21 students and 22 clinicians. A test platform was developed to provide a test environment that was conducive to playing online games. The analysis of the usability test results has been grouped into two parts: a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis. Based on the quantitative analysis results, the dyslexic students averaged 8.5 points (±1.53) on a Likert Scale of 10; while the dyslexia clinicians averaged 8.7 points (±0.87) on the same Likert Scale. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, an enhancement of the rewards function, a better user interface for the button used to check for the correct answer, and a button to enlarge the screen were identified as areas for improvement. In the future, the requirements of the test subjects and the stakeholders will be taken into consideration, and the games will be improved accordingly

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL ONLINE GAME FOR THE INTERVENTION OF KOREAN DYSLEXIA - A GAME UTILIZING SYLLABLE COUNTING FOR PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS INTERVENTION -

5% of the world population suffers from dyslexia (difficulty in reading), and according to research, the brain begins to distinguish characters at the age of 60 months. Thus, at the time when children are learning to speak at the age of 60 months, the dyslexic intervention is most needed. During intervention, the teacher needs to use a verified method according to the educational needs of the students with dyslexia. In Korea, the number of teachers specialized for dyslexia education is highly insufficient. Therefore, a program that accessible to as many dyslexic children as possible in highly in need which can offered independent yet effective learning.  This study aimed to develop an effective online game program for the treatment of dyslexia. We first researched the contents and characteristics of the current phonological dyslexia interventions, and examined the needs of stakeholders. Then, based on the survey results, we designed a game for phonological awareness (syllable counting)

Chronostratigraphy of the Larsen blue-ice area in northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica, and its implications for paleoclimate

In blue-ice areas (BIAs), deep ice is directly exposed at the surface, allowing for the cost-effective collection of large-sized old-ice samples. However, chronostratigraphic studies on blue-ice areas are challenging owing to fold and fault structures. Here, we report on a surface transect of ice with an undisturbed horizontal stratigraphy from the Larsen BIA, northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica. Ice layers defined by dust bands and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys indicate a monotonic increase in age along the ice flow direction on the downstream side, while the upstream ice exhibits a potential repetition of ages on scales of tens of meters, which result from a complicated fold structure. Stable water isotopes (δ18Oice and δ2Hice) and components of the occluded air (i.e., CO2, N2O, CH4, δ15N–N2, δ18Oatm (=δ18O-O2), δO2/N2, δAr/N2​​​​​​​, 81Kr, and 85Kr) are analyzed for surface ice and shallow ice core samples. Correlating δ18Oice, δ18Oatm, and CH4 records from the Larsen BIA with ice from previously drilled ice cores indicates that the gas age at various shallow vertical coring sites ranges between 9.2–23.4 kyr BP, while the ice age sampled from the surface ranges from 5.6 to 24.7 kyr BP. Absolute radiometric 81Kr dating for the two vertical cores confirms ages within acceptable levels of analytical uncertainty. A tentative climate reconstruction suggests a large deglacial warming of 15 ± 5 ∘C (1σ) and an increase in snow accumulation by a factor of 1.7–4.6 (from 24.3 to 10.6 kyr BP). Our study demonstrates that BIAs in northern Victoria Land may help to obtain high-quality records for paleoclimate and atmospheric greenhouse gas compositions through the last deglaciation, although in general climatic interpretation is complicated by the need for upstream flow corrections, evidence for strong surface sublimation during the last glacial period, and potential errors in the estimated gas age–ice age difference.</p

Impact of Climate Change on the Preferred Season for Outdoor Water Activities

The purpose of this study is to predict changes in the season for outdoor water activities due to climate change. Nine public outdoor swimming pools in three megacities of South Korea (Seoul, Daegu, and Busan) were selected as study sites. To determine the preferred weather conditions for outdoor water activities, the preference functions of weather elements for outdoor water activities were structured by finding the best-fitting lines with the Z-score of the number of visitors, which is calculated for each swimming pool each year, and the inflection points or the stabilized point of preference functions are set as thresholds for preferred weather conditions for outdoor water activities. To predict changes in the preferred season for outdoor water activities, future weather data for the 2030s, 2060s, and 2090s derived from RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenarios are adapted to the thresholds of preferred weather conditions. The results of this study show that the preferred temperature range for outdoor water activities is: 24.6 °C to 35.0 °C in Seoul, 25.5 °C to 35.5 °C in Daegu, and 27.4 °C to 34.4 °C in Busan, and that the maximum threshold for precipitation is: 36.5 mm in Seoul, 31.5 mm in Daegu, and 26.5 mm in Busan. The results of this study show that the preferred season for outdoor water activities will expand compared to its current duration due to warmer temperatures in the future, and the preferred period for these activities will shift from June to September to May to June and September to October due to extremely hot weather in July and August beginning in the 2030s. The results of this study imply that there will be major changes in the demand and operation of outdoor water activities due to climate change, making it necessary to begin preparations to combat and respond to climate change

Towards Inclusive Tourism Development Policy and Governance in South Korea: Guiding Principles for a Just Tourism Destination

This research explores the changes in governance and policy implementation related to tourism development towards a more inclusive and just form in South Korea. A macro-micro approach is used that examines changes in governance and policy at the national level (macro-level) and how these changes influence local level tourism development (micro-level). A detailed literature review was conducted to identify key ethical principles and approaches to justice to guide good governance for a just tourism destination. These were compiled into a broad framework of five major groups or sets of principles and used as sensitizing concepts to guide the study: (1) Governance, participation, collaboration, (2) Equity, recognition, and diversity, (3) Well-being and building capabilities for a good life, (4) Ethic of care and responsibility, (5) Sustainability and conservation. Constructivist grounded theory guided the methodology. For the macro level study, in-depth interviews with 14 experts and administrators in the field of tourism development, participant observation, and document review were conducted. For the micro-level study, a case study of Jathyanggi Pureun Village (JPV), which directly involved local residents in the development of community-based tourism projects, was undertaken. In-depth interviews with 17 residents, participant observation, and document review were conducted. The research findings show that tourism development policy and governance at the national level has gradually shifted to a more inclusive form and that these changes have influence project implementation at the local level towards a more community-based approach. Diverse stakeholders are being involved in the tourism development process, residents are actively participating, care and responsibility is being exercised through the development of “kind tourism”, and the well-being of residents and sustainability is being considered. However, there are several issues that need greater attention, such as lack of local control due to power relationships between residents and outside stakeholders, and social marginalization of certain groups. An integrative discussion of the two level studies was conducted to identify principles for good governance of the just tourism destination in South Korea. The research illustrates the importance of a justice-oriented approach to guide governance and policy implementation in tourism development in South Korea

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Non-Face-to-Face Coaching

This study examined the effectiveness of non-face-to-face coaching in South Korea in order to present alternatives in the post-COVID-19 environment. The research collected domestic studies on non-face-to-face coaching in South Korea and analysed the studies through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Among 1081 papers retrieved from the database, we selected ten papers for meta-analysis. Using the random effect model to measure effect size, the total effect size of non-face-to-face coaching was 0.77. When we divided the effect of non-face-to-face coaching into psychological, cognitive, and physical effects, the cognitive effects were the largest. In addition, examining non-face-to-face coaching by type resulted in a larger effect size of web-based online coaching in comparison to telephone coaching. By contrast, the effect sizes of non-face-to-face coaching by subject had the largest effect size on subjects with the highest level of vulnerability. This study found that non-face-to-face coaching had a large effect, with relatively large cognitive and psychological effects. Future investigations should supplement the present research through follow-up studies on non-face-to-face coaching

Effects of Physical Exercise on Women with Disabilities in South Korea: A Meta-Analysis

This study is the first to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the effects of physical exercise on South Korean women with disabilities using the data of previous studies. This study performed a meta-analysis of the effect sizes of exercise programs for women with disabilities using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 and a total of 16 papers with 154 participants. The largest effect sizes were found for changes in muscle strength (d = 2.407) for treatment effects, horseback riding (d = 3.080) for exercise type, 45&ndash;50 min (d = 3.080) for duration of a single exercise session, three times (d = 0.963) for frequency of exercise per week, 15 weeks (d = 1.974) for period of exercise and 45 times (d = 1.974) for total number of sessions. The results of this meta-analysis showed that exercise programs suitable for the individual-level characteristics of disabled individuals can and should be developed and implemented