Magnetic Properties of Dilute Alloys: Equations for Magnetization and its Structural Fluctuations

The dilute Heisenberg ferromagnet is studied taking into account fluctuations of magnetization caused by disorder. A self-consistent system of equations for magnetization and its mean quadratic fluctuations is derived within the configurationally averaged two-time temperature Green's function method. This system of equations is analised at low concentration of non-magnetic impurities. Mean relative quadratic fluctuations of magnetization are revealed to be proportional to the square of concentration of impurities.Comment: 16 pages, LaTe

Fluorescent Probes for Analysis and Imaging of Monoamine Oxidase Activity

Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of dietary amines and amine neurotransmitters, and assist in maintaining the homeostasis of the amine neurotransmitters in the brain. Dysfunctions of these enzymes can cause neurological and behavioral disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. To understand their physiological roles, efficient assay methods for monoamine oxidases are essential. Reviewed in this Perspective are the recent progress in the development of fluorescent probes for monoamine oxidases and their applications to enzyme assays in cells and tissues. It is evident that still there is strong need for a fluorescent probe with desirable substrate selectivity and photophysical properties to challenge the much unsolved issues associated with the enzymes and the diseases.X1132Ysciescopu

Temporally-coherent terawatt attosecond XFEL synchronized with a few cycle laser

Attosecond metrology using laser-based high-order harmonics has been significantly advanced and applied to various studies of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. Laser-based high-order harmonics have a limitation of low power and photon energies. There is, however, a great demand for even higher power and photon energy. Here, we propose a scheme for a terawatt attosecond (TW-as) X-ray pulse in X-ray free-electron laser controlled by a few cycle IR pulse, where one dominant current spike in an electron bunch is used repeatedly to amplify a seeded radiation to a terawatt level. This scheme is relatively simple, compact, straightforward, and also produces a temporally and spectrally clean pulse. The viability of this scheme is demonstrated in simulations using Pohang accelerator laboratory (PAL)-XFEL beam parameters.1183Ysciescopu

Chemically encoded self-organized quantum chain supracrystals with exceptional charge and ion transport properties

Artificially grown superstructures from small building blocks is an intriguing subject in ‘bottom-up’ molecular science and nanotechnology. Although discrete nanoparticles with different morphologies and physicochemical properties are readily produced, assembly them into higher-order structure amenable to practical applications is still a considerable challenge. This report introduces a stepwise heterogeneous approach for coupling colloidal quantum dots (QDs) synthesis with self-organization to directly generate quantum chains (QCs). By using vulcanized sulfur precursors, QDs are interdigitated into microscale chainlike supracrystals associated with oleylamine and oleic acid as structure directing agents. The cooperative nature of the QD growth and assembly have been extended to fabricate binary (PbS) and ternary metal chalcogenides (CuInS2) QC superstructures over a range of length scales. In addition, enhanced ion and charge transfer performance have been demonstrated which are determined to originate from the minimum interparticle distance and nearly bare nanocrystal surface. The process reported here is general and can be readily extended to the production of many other metal chalcogenide QD superstructures for energy storage applications

Room temperature near-ultraviolet emission from In-rich InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells

We grew In-rich InGaNGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using growth interruption (GI) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The quality of overgrown InGaNGaN QW layers in MQWs was largely affected by the crystalline quality and interfacial abruptness of the underlying QW layer. Introduction of 10 s GI was very effective in improving the crystalline quality and interfacial abruptness of InGaN QW layers, and we grew a ten periods of 1-nm -thick In-rich InGaNGaN MQW with 10 s GI and obtained a strong near-ultraviolet (UV) emission (~390 nm) at room temperature. We believe that use of less than 1-nm -thick In-rich InGaN MQW can be a candidate for near-UV source, which might replace the conventional low-indium content (<10%), thicker InGaN QW layer.open313

Absolute quantitation of DNA methylation of 28 candidate genes in prostate cancer using pyrosequencing

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Aberrant DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and its mapping is likely to provide biomarkers for improved diagnostic and risk assessment in prostate cancer (PCa). We quantified and compared absolute methylation levels among 28 candidate genes in 48 PCa and 29 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples using the pyrosequencing (PSQ) method to identify genes with diagnostic and prognostic potential. RARB, HIN1, BCL2, GSTP1, CCND2, EGFR5, APC, RASSF1A, MDR1, NKX2-5, CDH13, DPYS, PTGS2, EDNRB, MAL, PDLIM4, HLAa, ESR1 and TIG1 were highly methylated in PCa compared to BPH (p < 0.001), while SERPINB5, CDH1, TWIST1, DAPK1, THRB, MCAM, SLIT2, CDKN2a and SFN were not. RARB methylation above 21% completely distinguished PCa from BPH. Separation based on methylation level of SFN, SLIT2 and SERPINB5 distinguished low and high Gleason score cancers, e.g. SFN and SERPINB5 together correctly classified 81% and 77% of high and low Gleason score cancers respectively. Several genes including CDH1 previously reported as methylation markers in PCa were not confirmed in our study. Increasing age was positively associated with gene methylation (p < 0.0001). Accurate quantitative measurement of gene methylation in PCa appears promising and further validation of genes like RARB, HIN1, BCL2, APC and GSTP1 is warranted for diagnostic potential and SFN, SLIT2 and SERPINB5 for prognostic potential

Magnetophoretic circuits for digital control of single particles and cells.

The ability to manipulate small fluid droplets, colloidal particles and single cells with the precision and parallelization of modern-day computer hardware has profound applications for biochemical detection, gene sequencing, chemical synthesis and highly parallel analysis of single cells. Drawing inspiration from general circuit theory and magnetic bubble technology, here we demonstrate a class of integrated circuits for executing sequential and parallel, timed operations on an ensemble of single particles and cells. The integrated circuits are constructed from lithographically defined, overlaid patterns of magnetic film and current lines. The magnetic patterns passively control particles similar to electrical conductors, diodes and capacitors. The current lines actively switch particles between different tracks similar to gated electrical transistors. When combined into arrays and driven by a rotating magnetic field clock, these integrated circuits have general multiplexing properties and enable the precise control of magnetizable objects

Proteins identification of wheat-rye translocation lines by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry and ESI-QTOF/MS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance, verbal executive function (EF) performance, and quality-of-life (QOL) measures in Parkinson's disease (PD). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Sixteen movement disorder centers from across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with PD (N=1964). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: TUG test, immediate and delayed 5-word recall, verbal fluency, PD QOL Questionnaire. RESULTS: TUG performance and verbal EF performance were significantly associated with, and predictors of, QOL measures, having the greatest association and predictability with the mobility domain of the QOL measures. CONCLUSIONS: The TUG test and verbal EF tests have QOL correlates, making the combined evaluation of mobility, cognitive, and QOL decline a potential examination tool to evaluate the sequelae of PD