CHANGE IN MUSCLE ACITIVITY DURING SKIING USING 2 SIMULATORS

This research analyzed the change in lower muscle activity during skiing using two simulators. Participants in this study were 8 male adults who held a certificate issued by the Korea Ski Instructors Association. Kinematic factors when skiing on two types of simulators were compared and analyzed. Most subjects maintained a higher value of %MVIC while repeating the positions on the Pro Ski Simulator than Skiers Edge. Efficient skiing on ski-simulators requires the maximum use of skiing time on each foot and the ability to quickly flex and extend the hip and the knee joints. Furthermore, differences between individuals exist depending on the level of ski technique and the type of simulator and it is believed that the development of an additional adjustment apparatus in the existing equipment is necessary to enable safe and effective motions

Current-induced domain wall motion in a nanowire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We study theoretically the current-induced magnetic domain wall motion in a metallic nanowire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropy can reduce the critical current density of the domain wall motion. We explain the reduction mechanism and identify the maximal reduction conditions. This result facilitates both fundamental studies and device applications of the current- induced domain wall motion

Data-Reserved Periodic Diffusion LMS With Low Communication Cost Over Networks

In this paper, we analyze diffusion strategies in which all nodes attempt to estimate a common vector parameter for achieving distributed estimation in adaptive networks. Under diffusion strategies, each node essentially needs to share processed data with predefined neighbors. Although the use of internode communication has contributed significantly to improving convergence performance based on diffusion, such communications consume a huge quantity of power in data transmission. In developing low-power consumption diffusion strategies, it is very important to reduce the communication cost without significant degradation of convergence performance. For that purpose, we propose a data-reserved periodic diffusion least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm in which each node updates and transmits an estimate periodically while reserving its measurement data even during non-update time. By applying these reserved data in an adaptation step at update time, the proposed algorithm mitigates the decline in convergence speed incurred by most conventional periodic schemes. For a period p, the total cost of communication is reduced to a factor of 1/p relative to the conventional adapt-then-combine (ATC) diffusion LMS algorithm. The loss of combination steps in this process leads naturally to a slight increase in the steady-state error as the period p increases, as is theoretically confirmed through mathematical analysis. We also prove an interesting property of the proposed algorithm, namely, that it suffers less degradation of the steady-state error than the conventional diffusion in a noisy communication environment. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms related conventional algorithms and, in particular, outperforms ATC diffusion LMS over a network with noisy links.11Ysciescopu

An Enhanced Double-layered P2P System for the Reliability in Dynamic Mobile Environments

The double-layered peer-to-peer (P2P) systems were introduced to reduce the network traffic in MANET. The peers in the systems are classified into super peers and sub-peers. Super peers manage their neighboring sub-peers. The network communications in the systems are done mostly among super peers. In case when a pair of neighboring super peers is too far to communicate, one or two of their sub-peers bridges the super peers. However, the double-layered systems need to improve the reliability that guarantees communications among peers. In this paper, we propose a new double-layered P2P system in which super peers are selected based on their mobility. We also propose two reliability improvement schemes, the avoidance scheme and the role changing scheme. They are applied to the proposed system to enhance the reliability of the system. The proposed system is implemented in the dynamic mobile P2P environment where peers may join and leave the network dynamically and the number of peers varies. The various experiments are done with the Network Simulator-2 v2.33. The experimental results show that the proposed system with the two schemes improved the reliability over other double-layered systems in terms of the failure rate by up to 25 %, while increasing the network traffic marginally

Robust Distributed Clustering Algorithm Over Multitask Networks

We propose a new adaptive clustering algorithm that is robust to various multitask environments. Positional relationships among optimal vectors and a reference signal are determined by using the mean-square deviation relation derived from a one-step least-mean-square update. Clustering is performed by combining determinations on the positional relationships at several iterations. From this geometrical basis, unlike the conventional clustering algorithms using simple thresholding method, the proposed algorithm can perform clustering accurately in various multitask environments. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has more accurate estimation accuracy than the conventional algorithms and is insensitive to parameter selection.11Ysciescopu

Application of digital software as a medical devices in dental clinic

By facing the era of the 4th industrial revolution, personalized medical services for patients are expanding with the development of information and communications technology. With these changes, digital medical devices have begun to be used to support diagnosis, patient monitoring, and decision-making of diseases, and recently software medical devices for the purpose of preventing, managing, or treating disorders or diseases have become popular. The aim of this article is to understand the current concept and status of Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), which are actively being carried out in the United States, and to find out what fields can be applied in the future. In addition, it intends to find out the Korean domestic policy trends related to smart healthcare and find out the application of digital software as a medical devices that can be used in dental clinic to keep pace with the upcoming changes in the medical field.22Nkc

Pepper EST database: comprehensive in silico tool for analyzing the chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) transcriptome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is no dedicated database available for Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) of the chili pepper (<it>Capsicum annuum</it>), although the interest in a chili pepper EST database is increasing internationally due to the nutritional, economic, and pharmaceutical value of the plant. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing of the ESTs of chili pepper cv. Bukang have produced hundreds of thousands of complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. Therefore, a chili pepper EST database was designed and constructed to enable comprehensive analysis of chili pepper gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We built the Pepper EST database to mine the complexity of chili pepper ESTs. The database was built on 122,582 sequenced ESTs and 116,412 refined ESTs from 21 pepper EST libraries. The ESTs were clustered and assembled into virtual consensus cDNAs and the cDNAs were assigned to metabolic pathway, Gene Ontology (GO), and MIPS Functional Catalogue (FunCat). The Pepper EST database is designed to provide a workbench for (i) identifying unigenes in pepper plants, (ii) analyzing expression patterns in different developmental tissues and under conditions of stress, and (iii) comparing the ESTs with those of other members of the <it>Solanaceae </it>family. The Pepper EST database is freely available at <url>http://genepool.kribb.re.kr/pepper/</url>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The Pepper EST database is expected to provide a high-quality resource, which will contribute to gaining a systemic understanding of plant diseases and facilitate genetics-based population studies. The database is also expected to contribute to analysis of gene synteny as part of the chili pepper sequencing project by mapping ESTs to the genome.</p

A Low-Profile WLAN Antenna with Inductor and Tuning Stub for Broadband Impedance Matching

This paper presents a low-profile multiband antenna suitable for wireless local area networks (WLANs), using a chip inductor and tuning stub for broadband impedance matching. The proposed antenna is compact 12×10×1 mm3 and covers three bands: 2.4-GHz (2.400–2.484 GHz), 5.2-GHz (5.150–5.350 GHz), and 5.8-GHz (5.725–5.825 GHz). The measured 10-dB bandwidths are 12.0% (2.28–2.57 GHz) in the lower band for 2.4-GHz WLANs and 39.1% (4.81–7.15 GHz) in the upper band for 5 GHz-WLANs. The measured peak gain of the antenna is between 2.7 and 4.39 dBi and the radiation patterns are omnidirectional