Past, Present and Future Molecular Approaches to Improve Yield in Wheat

This chapter addresses the development and use of molecular markers for yield enhancement in wheat. Since their key goal for breeding is to maximize yield, extensive efforts have been made toward the improvement of yield. Agronomic traits related to yield, yield-related, disease resistance, and abiotic stresses are considered to be quantitative traits (QTLs), also known as complex traits, because they are controlled by numerous genes and are affected by environmental factors. Researchers have been studying such traits in the past decades for the development of molecular markers which can be used in various wheat breeding studies mainly involving restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Furthermore, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has accelerated the discovery of agronomically important genes. All of the technologies have enabled great advances for increasing the productivity of wheat. Here, the past history of first-generation sequencing, present status of second-generation sequencing, and future potential of translational genomics linked to the yield will be discussed

Low-complexity joint user and power scheduling in downlink NOMA over fading channels

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered one of the most promising radio access techniques for next-generation cellular networks. In this paper, we study the joint user and power scheduling for downlink NOMA over fading channels. Specifically, we focus on a stochastic optimization problem to maximize the weighted average sum rate while ensuring given minimum average data rates of users. To address this problem, we first develop an opportunistic user and power scheduling algorithm (OUPS) based on the duality and stochastic optimization theory. By OUPS, the stochastic problem is transformed into a series of deterministic ones for the instantaneous weighted sum rate maximization for each slot. Thus, we additionally develop a heuristic algorithm with very low computational complexity, called user selection and power allocation algorithm (USPA), for the instantaneous weighted sum rate maximization problem. Via simulation results, we demonstrate that USPA provides near-optimal performance with very low computational complexity, and OUPS well guarantees given minimum average data rates.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Low-complexity dynamic resource scheduling for downlink MC-NOMA over fading channels

In this paper, we investigate dynamic resource scheduling (i.e., joint user, subchannel, and power scheduling) for downlink multi-channel non-orthogonal multiple access (MC-NOMA) systems over time-varying fading channels. Specifically, we address the weighted average sum rate maximization problem with quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. In particular, to facilitate fast resource scheduling, we focus on developing a very low-complexity algorithm. To this end, by leveraging Lagrangian duality and the stochastic optimization theory, we first develop an opportunistic MC-NOMA scheduling algorithm whereby the original problem is decomposed into a series of subproblems, one for each time slot. Accordingly, resource scheduling works in an online manner by solving one subproblem per time slot, making it more applicable to practical systems. Then, we further develop a heuristic joint subchannel assignment and power allocation (Joint-SAPA) algorithm with very low computational complexity, called Joint-SAPA-LCC, that solves each subproblem. Finally, through simulation, we show that our Joint-SAPA-LCC algorithm provides good performance comparable to the existing Joint-SAPA algorithms despite requiring much lower computational complexity. We also demonstrate that our opportunistic MC-NOMA scheduling algorithm in which the Joint-SAPA-LCC algorithm is embedded works well while satisfying given QoS requirements.Comment: 39 pages, 11 figure

New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology

With the advances in power sources and optic technologies, high-power laser welding has been utilized in many applications such as automotive, battery manufacturing, and electronic industries. The low-heat input of laser power and its precise control enables minimal thermal damage and geometric inaccuracy in the weldment. Recently, laser welding has evolved in combination with machine learning, monitoring and control technology, new materials, and new processes. This Special Issue aims to present the recent advances in the development in innovative laser welding technologies based on new laser power sources, laser optics, systems, and monitoring technologies. A total of six papers are presented in this Special Issue

Web of Hatred: An Analysis of Online Hatred in South Korea

To analyze this issue, I conducted a research that purposes to explore well known online hate expressions in South Korea and identify the cause of such hatred. To achieve this goal, I selected infamous online community, Ilbe as a case study. The main reason for such selection is their bountiful number of hate targets and severe hate expressions. In the first two chapters, I give detailed analysis of Ilbe’s hatred through analyzing the highly advocated posts on Ilbe. The first chapter focuses on analyzing hate expressions and identifying the cause of Ilbe's hatred. On the other hand, the subsequent chapter is devoted to how Ilbe spread their hate to other Korean internet users. In this process, I applied Whillock's hate stratagem to analyze the hate spread. Moreover, using the fourth characteristic of hate stratagem, I discuss about the purpose of Ilbe's hate. Based on overall results of Ilbe research, I further analyze online hatred in South Korea and provide three different types of hate based on the causes of hatred. Moreover, I also claim that online hatred in South Korea is haters' expressions of social grievances. By identifying the reasons and defining online hatred, this research will assist those who attempt to reduce prevailing online hatred or prevent further evolution of online hatred in South Korea.Bachelor of Art