521 research outputs found
Socio-Economic Determinants of China's Recent Economic Growth
ĂÂ This paper analyzes various socio-economic aspects of China and Japan in order to identify the major determinants for China's recent ascendancy over Japan as the world's second largest economy. Those aspects considered include China's aggressive policies for promoting exports, including high tech, capital formation, foreign direct investments, research and development, and tertiary education. China's economic growth also generated several serious adverse effects, such as income inequity, import of energy resources, environmental degradation, and international tension in the South China Sea, which may become serious bottlenecks for China's future economic growth
Concept of multiple-cell cavity for axion dark matter search
In cavity-based axion dark matter search experiments exploring high mass
regions, multiple-cavity design is considered to increase the detection volume
within a given magnet bore. We introduce a new idea, referred to as
multiple-cell cavity, which provides various benefits including a larger
detection volume, simpler experimental setup, and easier phase-matching
mechanism. We present the characteristics of this concept and demonstrate the
experimental feasibility with an example of a double-cell cavity.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Detecting a Boosted Diboson Resonance
New light scalar particles in the mass range of hundreds of GeV, decaying
into a pair of bosons can appear in several extensions of the SM. The
focus of collider studies for such a scalar is often on its direct production,
where the scalar is typically only mildly boosted. The observed are
therefore well-separated, allowing analyses for the scalar resonance in a
standard fashion as a low-mass diboson resonance. In this work we instead focus
on the scenario where the direct production of the scalar is suppressed, and it
is rather produced via the decay of a significantly heavier (a few TeV mass)
new particle, in conjunction with SM particles. Such a process results in the
scalar being highly boosted, rendering the 's from its decay merged. The
final state in such a decay is a "fat" jet, which can be either four-pronged
(for fully hadronic decays), or may be like a jet, but with leptons
buried inside (if one of the decays leptonically). In addition, this fat
jet has a jet mass that can be quite different from that of the /Higgs/top
quark-induced jet, and may be missed by existing searches. In this work, we
develop dedicated algorithms for tagging such multi-layered "boosted dibosons"
at the LHC. As a concrete application, we discuss an extension of the standard
warped extra-dimensional framework where such a light scalar can arise. We
demonstrate that the use of these algorithms gives sensitivity in mass ranges
that are otherwise poorly constrained.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figure
Dedicated Strategies for Triboson Signals from Cascade Decays of Vector Resonances
New colorless electroweak (EW) charged spin-1 particles with mass of a few
TeV arise in numerous extensions of the Standard Model (SM). Decays of such a
vector into a pair of SM particles, either fermions or EW bosons, are well
studied. Many of these models have an additional scalar, which can lead to (and
even dominate in certain parameter regions) a novel decay channel for the heavy
vector particles instead - into a SM EW boson and the scalar, which
subsequently decays into a SM EW boson pair. In this work, we focus on the
scalar being relatively heavy, roughly factor of two lighter than the vector
particles, rendering its decay products well separated. Such a cascade decay
results in a final state with three isolated bosons. We argue that for this
"triboson" signal the existing diboson searches are not quite optimal due to
combinatorial ambiguity for three identical bosons, and in addition, due to a
relatively small signal cross-section determined by the heaviness of the
decaying vector particle. In order to isolate the signal, we demonstrate that
tagging all three bosons, followed by use of the full triboson invariant mass
distribution as well as that of appropriate subsets of dibosons, is well
motivated. We develop these general strategies in detail within the context of
a specific class of models that are based on extensions of the standard warped
extra-dimensional scenario. We also point out that a similar analysis would
apply to models with an enlarged EW gauge sector in four dimensions, even if
they involve a different Lorentz structure for the relevant couplings
LHC Signals from Cascade Decays of Warped Vector Resonances
Recently (arXiv:1608.00526), a new framework for warped higher-dimensional
compactifications with "bulk" standard model (SM) was proposed: in addition to
the UV (Planck scale) and IR (a couple of TeV) branes, there is an intermediate
brane, taken to be around 10 TeV. The SM matter and Higgs fields propagate from
the UV brane down to this intermediate brane only, while gauge and gravity
fields propagate in the entire bulk. Such a configuration renders the lightest
gauge Kaluza-Klein (KK) states within LHC reach, simultaneously satisfying
flavor and CP constraints. In addition, the usual leading decay modes of the
lightest KK gauge bosons into top and Higgs bosons are suppressed. This effect
permits erstwhile subdominant channels to become significant. These include
flavor-universal decays to SM fermions and Higgs bosons, and a novel channel -
decay to a radion and a SM gauge boson, followed by radion decay to a pair of
SM gauge bosons. In this work, we first delineate the parameter space where the
above mentioned cascade decay of gauge KK particles dominates, and thereby can
be the discovery mode at the LHC. We then perform a detailed analysis of the
LHC signals from this model, finding that 300/fb suffices for evidence of
KK-gluon in tri-jet, jet + di-photon and jet + di-boson channels. However, KK
photon in photon + di-jet, and KK-W in leptonic W + di-jet require 3000/fb. The
crucial feature of this decay chain is a "double" resonance, i.e. 3-particle
and 2-particle invariant mass peaks, corresponding to the KK gauge boson and
the radion respectively.Comment: 50 page
An Active and Soft Hydrogel Actuator to Stimulate Live Cell Clusters by Self-folding
The hydrogels are widely used in various applications, and their successful uses depend on controlling the mechanical properties. In this study, we present an advanced strategy to develop hydrogel actuator designed to stimulate live cell clusters by self-folding. The hydrogel actuator consisting of two layers with different expansion ratios were fabricated to have various curvatures in self-folding. The expansion ratio of the hydrogel tuned with the molecular weight and concentration of gel-forming polymers, and temperature-sensitive molecules in a controlled manner. As a result, the hydrogel actuator could stimulate live cell clusters by compression and tension repeatedly, in response to temperature. The cell clusters were compressed in the 0.7-fold decreases of the radius of curvature with 1.0 mm in room temperature, as compared to that of 1.4 mm in 37 degrees C. Interestingly, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in MCF-7 tumor cells exposed by mechanical stimulation was expressed more than in those without stimulation. Overall, this new strategy to prepare the active and soft hydrogel actuator would be actively used in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and micro-scale actuators
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