92 research outputs found
L1 translation as scaffolding in tutor talk: a case study of two Korean tutors
With the increasing popularity of the communicative approach in the mid-20th century, the
use of the L1 was discouraged and stigmatized in foreign language education. Since the
emergence of the sociocultural perspective, however, L1 use has been reconsidered as a key
mediating tool for second language learning. Utilizing this sociocultural approach, this study
examines how L1 translation is used in tutor-tutee talk during writing center appointments by
analyzing the talk of two Korean tutors with their seven tutees. The analysis reveals that L1
translation not only helps the tutees clarify their intended meaning in their texts, but also
serves as a successful tool for cognitively scaffolding tutee learningāin the forms of pump,
hint, and promptāby helping both the tutor and tutee negotiate meaning and arrive at a
solution together. The results bring new insights regarding the use of L1 translation in tutor
and tutee interaction by highlighting the usefulness of L1 translation as scaffolding for
language learners, particularly when their language proficiency is not advanced. This study
implies that the use of L1, in particular, L1 translation may contribute to L2 learnersā learning
of English by facilitating their negotiations of meaning with their teachers as to finally arrive
at mutual understanding of each other
The Context of William Styrons's The Confessions of Nat Turner
A controlling assumption among critics of Southern literature today seems to be that the
Southern Renaissance is over. Walter Sullivan, for example, views the extinction of literary
florence in the South as an inevitable outcome. The myth of the past which sustained the
renaissance in the last few decades, he believes, was not substantial enough to resist the
surge "of social programs on the one hand, the attack of science and materialism on the
other hand." Lewis P. Simpson does not declare the close of the Southern Renaissance.
He views, however, the Southern literature to have gone through two major stages since
1920s. In the first stage which covers from 1920s to about 1950, Southern writing records
"an attempted reconstruction of the meaning of the past by the literary mind." The
second stage, he continues, is a period in which Southern writing tends to record "the
breakdown of the endeavor in reconstructi on," and to suggest "that the only meaningful
covenant for the latter-day writer is one with the self on terms generally defined as
existential."
William Styron's The Confessions of Nat Turner is one of the most germane novels in
the controversy about the continuity of the Southern Renaissance. A predominant opinion
about the novel is that Styron took quite a different line from his preceding generation
Vid-ODE: Continuous-Time Video Generation with Neural Ordinary Differential Equation
Video generation models often operate under the assumption of fixed frame
rates, which leads to suboptimal performance when it comes to handling flexible
frame rates (e.g., increasing the frame rate of the more dynamic portion of the
video as well as handling missing video frames). To resolve the restricted
nature of existing video generation models' ability to handle arbitrary
timesteps, we propose continuous-time video generation by combining neural ODE
(Vid-ODE) with pixel-level video processing techniques. Using ODE-ConvGRU as an
encoder, a convolutional version of the recently proposed neural ODE, which
enables us to learn continuous-time dynamics, Vid-ODE can learn the
spatio-temporal dynamics of input videos of flexible frame rates. The decoder
integrates the learned dynamics function to synthesize video frames at any
given timesteps, where the pixel-level composition technique is used to
maintain the sharpness of individual frames. With extensive experiments on four
real-world video datasets, we verify that the proposed Vid-ODE outperforms
state-of-the-art approaches under various video generation settings, both
within the trained time range (interpolation) and beyond the range
(extrapolation). To the best of our knowledge, Vid-ODE is the first work
successfully performing continuous-time video generation using real-world
videos.Comment: Accepted to AAAI 2021, 22 page
Requirements for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and its Application in Healthcare
Objectives Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are developing very rapidly in the medical field, but have yet to be actively used in actual clinical settings. Ensuring reliability is essential to disseminating technologies, necessitating a wide range of research and subsequent social consensus on requirements for trustworthy AI. Methods This review divided the requirements for trustworthy medical AI into explainability, fairness, privacy protection, and robustness, investigated research trends in the literature on AI in healthcare, and explored the criteria for trustworthy AI in the medical field. Results Explainability provides a basis for determining whether healthcare providers would refer to the output of an AI model, which requires the further development of explainable AI technology, evaluation methods, and user interfaces. For AI fairness, the primary task is to identify evaluation metrics optimized for the medical field. As for privacy and robustness, further development of technologies is needed, especially in defending training data or AI algorithms against adversarial attacks. Conclusions In the future, detailed standards need to be established according to the issues that medical AI would solve or the clinical field where medical AI would be used. Furthermore, these criteria should be reflected in AI-related regulations, such as AI development guidelines and approval processes for medical devices
Rhus verniciflua Stokes against Advanced Cancer: A Perspective from the Korean Integrative Cancer Center
Active anticancer molecules have been searched from natural products; many drugs were developed from either natural products or their derivatives following the conventional pharmaceutical paradigm of drug discovery. However, the advances in the knowledge of cancer biology have led to personalized medicine using molecular-targeted agents which create new paradigm. Clinical benefit is dependent on individual biomarker and overall survival is prolonged through cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects to cancer cell. Therefore, a different approach is needed from the single lead compound screening model based on cytotoxicity. In our experience, the Rhus verniciflua stoke (RVS) extract traditionally used for cancer treatment is beneficial to some advanced cancer patients though it is herbal extract not single compound, and low cytotoxic in vitro. The standardized RVS extract's action mechanisms as well as clinical outcomes are reviewed here. We hope that these preliminary results would stimulate different investigation in natural products from conventional chemicals
Sasang Constitution as a Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sasang Constitutional Medicine, which is a branch of traditional Korean medicine, states that medications for diabetes should be individualized according to the patient's individual constitution. However, the effect of constitution on diabetes has not been evaluated to date. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if constitution is an independent risk factor for diabetes by comparing the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of the disease according to constitution. The medical records of 1443 adults who had been examined and classified based on their constitution at Kyung Hee University Hospital in Seoul, Korea were reviewed. A chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the prevalence of diabetes according to constitution, and multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the ORs for diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes differed significantly according to constitution (Ļ2 = 36.20, df = 2, P < 0.001). Specifically, the prevalence of the disease was higher in Tae-eumin (11.4%) individuals than in Soyangin (5.0%) or Soeumin (1.7%) individuals. In addition, multiple logistic regression revealed that Tae-eumin individuals had a greater risk for diabetes than Soeumin individuals. When compared to Soeumin individuals, the adjusted ORs were 2.01 (95% CI 0.77ā5.26) for Soyangin individuals and 3.96 (95% CI 1.48ā10.60) for Tae-eumin individuals. These results show that constitution has a significant and independent association with diabetes, which suggests that constitution is an independent risk factor for diabetes that should be considered when attempting to detect and prevent the disease
Remote health monitoring services in nursing homes
Aged people are challenged by serious complications from chronic diseases, such as mood disorder, diabetes, heart disease, and infectious diseases, which are also the most common causes of death in older people. Therefore, elderly care facilities are more important than ever. The most common causes of death in elderly care facilities were reported to be diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and pneumonia. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have a great impact on blind spots of safety where aged people were isolated from society. Elderly care facilities were one of the blind spots in the midst of the pandemic, where major casualties were reported from COVID-19 complications because most people had one or two mortality risk factors, such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Therefore, medical governance of public health center and hospital, and elderly care facility is becoming important issue of priority. Thus, remote health monitoring service by the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) sensors is more important than ever. Recently, technological breakthroughs have enabled healthcare professionals to have easy access to patients in medical blind spots through the use of IoT sensors. These sensors can detect medically urgent situations in a timely fashion and make medical decisions for aged people in elderly care facilities. Real-time electrocardiogram and blood sugar monitoring sensors are approved by the medical insurance service. Real-time monitoring services in medical blind spots, such as elderly care facilities, has been suggested. Heart rhythm monitoring could play a role in detecting early cardiovascular disease events and monitoring blood glucose levels in the management of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, in aged people in elderly care facilities. This review presents the potential usefulness of remote monitoring with IoMT sensors in medical blind spots and clinical suggestions for applications
UPR(mt) scales mitochondrial network expansion with protein synthesis via mitochondrial import in Caenorhabditis elegans
As organisms develop, individual cells generate mitochondria to fulfill physiological requirements. However, it remains unknown how mitochondrial network expansion is scaled to cell growth. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) is a signaling pathway mediated by the transcription factor ATFS-1 which harbors a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS). Here, using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans we demonstrate that ATFS-1 mediates an adaptable mitochondrial network expansion program that is active throughout normal development. Mitochondrial network expansion requires the relatively inefficient MTS in ATFS-1, which allows the transcription factor to be responsive to parameters that impact protein import capacity of the mitochondrial network. Increasing the strength of the ATFS-1 MTS impairs UPR(mt) activity by increasing accumulation within mitochondria. Manipulations of TORC1 activity increase or decrease ATFS-1 activity in a manner that correlates with protein synthesis. Lastly, expression of mitochondrial-targeted GFP is sufficient to expand the muscle cell mitochondrial network in an ATFS-1-dependent manner. We propose that mitochondrial network expansion during development is an emergent property of the synthesis of highly expressed mitochondrial proteins that exclude ATFS-1 from mitochondrial import, causing UPR(mt) activation
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