3,331 research outputs found
Composite Nanofibers: Recent Progress in Adsorptive Removal and Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes
This chapter intends to review the state of the art of a new nanomaterial generation based on electrospun composite nanofibers for dye removal from wastewater. Natural polymer-based nanofibers, nanofibers with unique morphology, and carbon nanofibers were comprehensively reviewed as capable carriers for a broad spectrum of functional materials such as metal oxides, zeolite, graphene and graphene oxide (GO), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the application of dye removal. The various nanostructures, adsorption capacity, advantages, and drawbacks were discussed along with mechanistic actions in the adsorption process and photocatalytic performance that emphasize current research development, opportunities, and challenges. The chapter covers multiple intriguing topics with in-depth discussion and is a valuable reference for researchers who are working on nanomaterials and the treatment of colored waters
In Vitro Culture Conditions for Maintaining a Complex Population of Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota
A stable intestinal microbiota is important in maintaining human physiology and health. Although there have been a number of studies using in vitro and in vivo approaches to determine the impact of diet and xenobiotics on intestinal microbiota, there is no consensus for the best in vitro culture conditions for growth of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. To investigate the dynamics and activities of intestinal microbiota, it is important for the culture conditions to support the growth of a wide range of intestinal bacteria and maintain a complex microbial community representative of the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we compared the bacterial community in three culture media: brain heart infusion broth and high- and low-carbohydrate medium with different growth supplements. The bacterial community was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. Based on the molecular analysis, this study indicated that the 3% fecal inoculum in low-concentration carbohydrate medium with 1% autoclaved fecal supernatant provided enhanced growth conditions to conduct in vitro studies representative of the human intestinal microbiota
Singlet Fermionic Dark Matter with Dark
We present a fermionic dark matter model mediated by the hidden gauge boson.
We assume the QED-like hidden sector which consists of a Dirac fermion and
U(1) gauge symmetry, and introduce an additional scalar electroweak doublet
field with the U(1) charge as a mediator. The hidden U(1) symmetry is
spontaneously broken by the electroweak symmetry breaking and there exists a
massive extra neutral gauge boson in this model which is the mediator between
the hidden and visible sectors. Due to the U(1) charge, the additional
scalar doublet does not couple to the Standard Model fermions, which leads to
the Higgs sector of type I two Higgs doublet model. The new gauge boson couples
to the Standard Model fermions with couplings proportional to those of the
ordinary boson but very suppressed, thus we call it the dark boson. We
study the phenomenology of the dark boson and the Higgs sector, and show
the hidden fermion can be the dark matter candidate.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Efficient Parallel Audio Generation using Group Masked Language Modeling
We present a fast and high-quality codec language model for parallel audio
generation. While SoundStorm, a state-of-the-art parallel audio generation
model, accelerates inference speed compared to autoregressive models, it still
suffers from slow inference due to iterative sampling. To resolve this problem,
we propose Group-Masked Language Modeling~(G-MLM) and Group Iterative Parallel
Decoding~(G-IPD) for efficient parallel audio generation. Both the training and
sampling schemes enable the model to synthesize high-quality audio with a small
number of iterations by effectively modeling the group-wise conditional
dependencies. In addition, our model employs a cross-attention-based
architecture to capture the speaker style of the prompt voice and improves
computational efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed
model outperforms the baselines in prompt-based audio generation.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication.
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Kosp2e: Korean Speech to English Translation Corpus
Most speech-to-text (S2T) translation studies use English speech as a source,
which makes it difficult for non-English speakers to take advantage of the S2T
technologies. For some languages, this problem was tackled through corpus
construction, but the farther linguistically from English or the more
under-resourced, this deficiency and underrepresentedness becomes more
significant. In this paper, we introduce kosp2e (read as `kospi'), a corpus
that allows Korean speech to be translated into English text in an end-to-end
manner. We adopt open license speech recognition corpus, translation corpus,
and spoken language corpora to make our dataset freely available to the public,
and check the performance through the pipeline and training-based approaches.
Using pipeline and various end-to-end schemes, we obtain the highest BLEU of
21.3 and 18.0 for each based on the English hypothesis, validating the
feasibility of our data. We plan to supplement annotations for other target
languages through community contributions in the future.Comment: Interspeech 2021 Camera-read
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