Q-methodology analysis of Perceived Risks in Tourists and Local residents towards Natural Disaster: The 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake in Republic of Korea

The impact of disasters on the tourism industry, such as reducing the demand for domestic tourists as well as inbound tourism from foreign tourists, is enormous. As disasters also increased, safety-related issues became a major concern for tourists. On September 12, 2016, the largest earthquake of 5.8 occurred in Gyeongju, Korea\u27s major tourist city. The purpose of this study is to compare how tourists and local residents behave and are to be influenced in the economic, socio - cultural, political and psychological aspects by Gyeongju earthquake and to provide some suggestions. To obtain the purpose, this study firstly investigated the changes and influences of society caused by the racing earthquake objectively, systematically, and comprehensively for tourists and local residents in various aspects of the Gyungju earthquake. Second, we analyzed in depth the difference of perception and coping behaviors experienced by tourists and local residents. Finally, the implications for tourism in the occurrence of Gyeongju earthquake were suggested. This study adopted the Q methodology. The Q methodology is an approach in which subjects themselves make their opinions and meanings. A total of 7 types were derived from Q methodology for tourists. The seven types are: Functional risk, Psychological risk, Physical risk, Time Risk, Social Risk, Financial Risk, Satisfaction risk. A total of 7 types were also derived from Q methodology for local residents. The seven types are: Functional risk, Psychological risk, Physical risk, Time Risk, Social Risk, Financial Risk, Media Risk. Seven types were derived from each side. Tourists are exposed to the element of satisfaction risk, and local residents are exposed to media risk. Also, there were differences in factors that were important. The results of this study will contribute to overcome the crisis of tourism due to disaster such as an earthquake. Keywords: Disaster, Natural disaster, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, Q methodolog

Dissociation of ssDNA - Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids by Watson-Crick Base Pairing

The unwrapping event of ssDNA from the SWNT during the Watson-Crick base paring is investigated through electrical and optical methods, and binding energy calculations. While the ssDNA-metallic SWNT hybrid shows the p-type semiconducting property, the hybridization product recovered metallic properties. The gel electrophoresis directly verifies the result of wrapping and unwrapping events which was also reflected to the Raman shifts. Our molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy calculations provide atomistic description for the pathway to this phenomenon. This nano-physical phenomenon will open up a new approach for nano-bio sensing of specific sequences with the advantages of efficient particle-based recognition, no labeling, and direct electrical detection which can be easily realized into a microfluidic chip format.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Vehicle Restriction Policy for Reducing Overtourism in Udo, Korea

Overtourism has given rise to conflict among various stakeholders. Accordingly, to control overtourism, the public sector has started to implement policies. Recently, Udo off Jeju Island in South Korea has begun experiencing overtourism; to prevent the situation from deteriorating, the public sector implemented a vehicle restriction policy. This study used a cost-benefit analysis framework to assess the social costs and benefits of the public policy to control overtourism in Udo. Through interviews and relevant data and documents, this study classified analysis items related to the policy that could be either a cost or benefit to different stakeholders. The social cost-benefit analysis showed that the net benefit increases, the longer the policy continues, thus ensuring it is adequate and feasible to implement the policy. An effective management public policy for the sustainability of the region’s tourism should always be promoted

Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density

The reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack-harnessing salinity gradient power mainly consists of ion exchange membranes (IEMs). Among the various types of IEMs used in RED stacks, pore-filling ion exchange membranes (PIEMs) have been considered promising IEMs to improve the power density of RED stacks. The compositions of PIEMs affect the electrical resistance and permselectivity of PIEMs; however, their effect on the performance of large RED stacks have not yet been considered. In this study, PIEMs of various compositions with respect to the RED stack were adopted to evaluate the performance of the RED stack according to stack size (electrode area: 5 × 5 cm2 vs. 15 × 15 cm2). By increasing the stack size, the gross power per membrane area decreased despite the increase in gross power on a single RED stack. The electrical resistance of the PIEMs was the most important factor for enhancing the power production of the RED stack. Moreover, power production was less sensitive to permselectivities over 90%. By increasing the RED stack size, the contributions of non-ohmic resistances were significantly increased. Thus, we determined that reducing the salinity gradients across PIEMs by ion transport increased the non-ohmic resistance of large RED stacks. These results will aid in designing pilot-scale RED stacks

Metal Nanoparticle Exsolution on a Perovskite Stannate Support with High Electrical Conductivity

In situ exsolution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is emerging as an alternative technique to deliver thermally stable and evenly dispersed metal NPs, which exhibit excellent adhesion with conducting perovskite oxide supports. Here we provide the first demonstration that Ni metal NPs with high areal density (similar to 175 mu m(-2)) and fine size (similar to 38.65 nm) are exsolved from an Asite-deficient perovskite stannate support (La0.2Ba0.7Sn0.9Ni0.1O3-delta(LBSNO)). The NPs are strongly anchored and impart coking resistance, and the Ni-exsolved stannates show exceptionally high electrical conductivity (similar to 700 S.cm(-1)). The excellent conductivity is attributed to conduction between delocalized Sn Ss orbitals along with structural improvement toward ABO(3) stoichiometry in the stannate support. We also reveal that experimental conditions with strong interaction must be optimized to obtain Ni exsolution without degrading the perovskite stannate framework. Our finding suggests a unique process to induce the formation of metal NPs embedded in stannate with excellent electrical properties.11Nsciescopu

Graphene Nanoribbon Grids of Sub-10 nm Widths with High Electrical Connectivity

Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have finite band gaps and active edge states and therefore can be useful for advanced chemical and electronic devices. Here, we present the formation of GNR grids via seed-assisted chemical vapor deposition on Ge(100) substrates. Nucleation seeds, provided by unzipped C60, initiated growth of the GNRs. The GNRs grew toward two orthogonal directions in an anisotropic manner, templated by the single crystalline substrate, thereby forming grids that had lateral stitching over centimeter scales. The spatially uniform grid can be transferred and patterned for batch fabrication of devices. The GNR grids showed percolative conduction with a high electrical sheet conductance of ∼2 μS·sq and field-effect mobility of ∼5 cm2/(V·s) in the macroscopic channels, which confirm excellent lateral stitching between domains. From transconductance measurements, the intrinsic band gap of GNRs with sub-10 nm widths was estimated as ∼80 meV, similar to theoretical expectation. Our method presents a scalable way to fabricate atomically thin elements with 1D characteristics for integration with various nanodevices.11Nsciescopu

Graphene Nanoribbon Grid for Conducting Films with 1D Characteristics

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