Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chicken Fats

Food irradiation is a process which may provide an alternative to existing conventional food processes. It will not completely replace or substitute for other processes, but its unique qualities offer an additional processing option. A major difficulty with food irradiation is that it can potentially affect all food, and thus it touches on all food issues - from affecting the physical characteristics of food to labeling and consumer acceptance. Research directed toward the use of radiation for the preservation of foods began in 1945. Most of the studies have been government sponsored, at least partly because the 1985 food additives amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act required advance approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before any particular irradiated food could be publicly sold. Currently, two events have served to renew interest in food irradiation processing. First, recommendations have been made by the Join t Expert Committee on Wholesomeness of irradiated Foods, convened by the World Health Organization. After reviewing all the food safety data available, this committee concluded that any food irradiated to an average dose of 1 Mrad or less is wholesome for humans and therefore should be approved without further testing. The WHO Joint Committee deferred general recombination for foods irradiated at higher radiation levels until data from on- going studies are available for evaluation. Secondly, the FDA has been considering new regulatory procedures regarding irradiated foods. The FDA has outlined a number of possible actions which could ultimately lead to approval for irradiation preservation of foods when the irradiation levels used are 0.1 Mrad or less. The FDA has also suggested changes in the criteria for establishing the safety of foods that would be irradiated at levels between 0.1 and 1.0 Mrad which includes levels sufficient to pasteurize foods. The recommendations of the WHO Joint Expert Committee and the regulatory procedures under consideration by the FDA suggest that consideration for commercialization of irradiation preservation of foods is timely. However, the success of these processes will depend ultimately upon their cost, consumer acceptance, and labeling require­ments, as well as evaluating whether the technology fulfills a perceived consumer need

Stellar Contents and Globular Cluster Candidates in the Sculptor Group Galaxy NGC 300

We present UBVI CCD photometry of the stellar contents and globular cluster(GC) candidates in the spiral galaxy NGC 300 in the Sculptor group. Color-magnitude diagrams for 18 OB associations having more than 30 member stars are presented. The slope of the initial mass function for the bright stars in NGC 300 is estimated to be Gamma = -2.6 +/- 0.3. Assuming the distance to NGC 300 of (m-M)_0 = 26.53 +/- 0.07, the mean absolute magnitude of three brightest blue stars is obtained to be = -8.95 mag. We have performed search for GCs in NGC 300 and have found 17 GC candidates in this galaxy. Some characteristics of these GC candidates are discussed.Comment: 24 pages(AASLaTeX), 14 Postscript figures, Accepted for publication in the Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society, 2002 March issue, Typos Correcte

EUTROPHICATION OF THE MAJOR RESERVOIRS IN KOREA

Trophic state of several major reservoirs in Korea are reviewed. Most of large reservoirs are mesotrophic to eutrophic, suffering bluegreen algal blooms. Recently many reservoirs are being eutrophied at high rate mainly due to the increase of excretion by livestock in watershed and netcage-type fishfarms within the lake basins. The trophic state changes of Lake Soyang, from oligotrophy to eutrophy in recent 10 years, are presented as a case study of rapid eutrophication. Chlorophyll a concentration increased from ca. 3mg/m³ in early 1980s to 15 mg/m³ in 1989. The dominant phytoplankton species in summer are changed from Peridinium to Anabaena since 1986 and the standing crop of Anabaena has been increasing. Secchidisc depth decreased from 5 to 1m. TP increased from 7 to 20 mgP/m³. The rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit increased year to year from 0.028 mgO₂/cm²/day in 1986 to 0.094 in 1989. Fishfarms within the lake are the major phosphorus source in Lake Soyang exceeding the total phosphorus loading from the watershed. This high rate of eutrophication is expected to persist in next decade.Article信州大学理学部付属諏訪臨湖実験所報告 7: 21-29(1991)departmental bulletin pape