387 research outputs found
Online Class Incremental Learning on Stochastic Blurry Task Boundary via Mask and Visual Prompt Tuning
Continual learning aims to learn a model from a continuous stream of data,
but it mainly assumes a fixed number of data and tasks with clear task
boundaries. However, in real-world scenarios, the number of input data and
tasks is constantly changing in a statistical way, not a static way. Although
recently introduced incremental learning scenarios having blurry task
boundaries somewhat address the above issues, they still do not fully reflect
the statistical properties of real-world situations because of the fixed ratio
of disjoint and blurry samples. In this paper, we propose a new Stochastic
incremental Blurry task boundary scenario, called Si-Blurry, which reflects the
stochastic properties of the real-world. We find that there are two major
challenges in the Si-Blurry scenario: (1) inter- and intra-task forgettings and
(2) class imbalance problem. To alleviate them, we introduce Mask and Visual
Prompt tuning (MVP). In MVP, to address the inter- and intra-task forgetting
issues, we propose a novel instance-wise logit masking and contrastive visual
prompt tuning loss. Both of them help our model discern the classes to be
learned in the current batch. It results in consolidating the previous
knowledge. In addition, to alleviate the class imbalance problem, we introduce
a new gradient similarity-based focal loss and adaptive feature scaling to ease
overfitting to the major classes and underfitting to the minor classes.
Extensive experiments show that our proposed MVP significantly outperforms the
existing state-of-the-art methods in our challenging Si-Blurry scenario
Transmission of wireless backhaul signal in a cellular system with small moving cells
Deployment of small moving cells (SMCs) has been considered in advanced cellular systems, where wireless backhaul links are required between base stations and SMCs. In this paper, we consider signal transmission by means of multiuser beamforming in the wireless backhaul link. We generate the beam weight in an eigen-direction of weighted combination of short- and long-term channel information of the backhaul link. The beam weight can maximize the average signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio (SLNR), while providing the transmission robust to SMC mobility. We analyze the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and optimize the transmit power by iterative water-filling. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed scheme by computer simulation.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. 2019R1F1A1063171)
Quantitative Measurement of Muscle Atrophy and Fat Infiltration of the Supraspinatus Muscle Using Ultrasonography After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of ultrasonography to objectively examine morphological changes (i.e., muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration) of the supraspinatus muscle.MethodsThirty-four patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. The degrees of muscle atrophy and fat infiltration were measured using ultrasonography 3–4 months after arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair. Shoulder function (i.e., shoulder active range of motion, visual analogue scale, and constant score) was examined. Using the symmetricity of the muscles in the human body, the degrees of morphological changes of the supraspinatus muscle were quantitatively measured. The associations between the morphological changes of the supraspinatus muscle and shoulder function were identified.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the cross-sectional area (CSA) and echogenicity between the surgery and non-surgery sides (p<0.001). The CSA ratio, which represents the degree of muscle atrophy, was associated with shoulder forward flexion, external rotation, and constant score; however, the echogenicity ratio, which represents the degree of fat infiltration, was not associated with shoulder function after surgery.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that shoulder function could be predicted by evaluating the morphological changes of the supraspinatus muscle using ultrasonography and that objective evaluation is possible through quantitative measurement using the symmetricity of the human body
A multicenter phase II study of everolimus in patients with progressive unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of everolimus in patients with progressive unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). METHODS: Histologically confirmed ACC patients with documented disease progression within 12 months prior to the study entry were eligible. Everolimus was given at a dose of 10 mg daily until progression or occurrence of unacceptable toxicities. The primary endpoint was a 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were enrolled. The 4-month PFS probability was 65.5% (95% one-sided confidence interval [CI], 47.7 to infinity). Median PFS duration was 11.2 months (95% CI, 3.6 to 15.8). Complete or partial response was not achieved. Twenty-seven (79.4%, 95% CI, 63.2 to 89.6) patients showed stable disease (SD). Tumor shrinkage within SD criteria was observed in 15 patients (44.1%) and SD lasting 6 months was observed in 13 patients (38.2%). Four patients had disease progression. Among the 18 patients with both pre- and post-treatment (at 8 weeks) FDG-PET scans available, 8 patients (44.4%) showed a partial metabolic response, defined as a ≥25% reduction in maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax). The most common adverse events were stomatitis, anemia, asthenia, and leukopenia. No unexpected everolimus related toxicities were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Everolimus showed promising efficacy and good tolerability in progressive unresectable ACC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT0115284
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