Intensification of terrestrial carbon cycle related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation under greenhouse warming

The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives interannual variation in the global carbon cycle. However, the relationship between ENSO and the carbon cycle can be modulated by climate change due to anthropogenic forcing. We show herein that the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon flux to ENSO will be enhanced under greenhouse warming by 44% (+/- 15%), indicating a future amplification of carbon-climate interactions. Separating the contributions of the changes in carbon sensitivity reveals that the response of land surface temperature to ENSO and the sensitivity of gross primary production to local temperature are significantly enhanced under greenhouse warming, thereby amplifying the ENSO-carbon-cycle coupling. In a warm climate, depletion of soil moisture increases temperature response in a given ENSO event. These findings suggest that the ENSO-related carbon cycle will be enhanced by hydroclimate changes caused by anthropogenic forcing.113Ysciescopu

Seating Layout of Crown Prince Hoejak Performance in the 19th Century Uigwe (a collection of royal protocols)

This paper examines the seating layout of the crown prince and feast participants in the crown prince HoeJak feast(會酌) vis-a-vis the viewing of Jeongjae performance. Hoejak is a after-party humble feast where a deaconess offers a cup of wine to the principal guest (主賓, 王世子) with the attendance of the titled ladies(命掃) and officials of Dogam (an ad hoc office 都監). In 1828 (King Sunjo's 28th year of reign), the crown prince was seated at the east wall inside the royal palace(?內), facing the west direction. In 1829 (King Sunjo's 29th year of reign), the crown prince was seated in Dongbogye (the provisional east floor, 東補階), facing the west direction. In 1887 (King Gojong's 24th year of reign), the prince again faced the west direction, being seated at the east wall in the royal palace. The prince's facing the west direction was meant to avoid the south-facing seat of the majestic king's seat so that he might show his respect to the king. 19세기에 연향과 관련해서 의궤체재와 연향종류에 변화가 나타난다. 즉, 연향관련 의궤 체재는 1795년(정조 19) 혜정궁 환갑을 기념하여 사도세자(思悼世子, 追尊莊祖)의 묘(墓)가 있는 화성에 행차하여, 내진찬(內進饌)과 양로연(養老宴)을 베푼 일 등을 기록한 『원행을묘정리의궤(園行乙卯整理儀軌)』를 기점으로 그 이전과 크게 달라진다. 그 변화는 첫째, 필사본으로 제작하던 이전과 달리 활자본으로 대량 찍었다. 둘째, 이전의 의궤와 달리 진찬도(進饌圖)·정재도(呈才圖)·복식도(服飾圖) 등 도식(圖式)을 실어서 당시 연향의 정경을 생생하게 그려볼 수 있다. 셋째, 연향에 관해 총괄적인 것을 서술한 뒤, 이를 크게 일방(一房: 樂歌舞)·이방(二房: 饌膳, 排設)·삼방(三房: 燨式)의 업무로 나누고, 그 다음 별공작(別工作)·내자시(內資寺)·내섬시(內贍寺)·예빈시(禮賓寺)·사축서(司畜署) 등 각 부서의 구체적인 업무를 서술하던 이전의 방식과 달리 항목별로 서술하는 체재로 바뀌었다. 예를 들면, 1795년 이전에는 찬품(饌品)에 대한 것을 이방 및 내자시·내섬시·예빈시·사축서 항목에서 따로 따로 서술했다면, 1795년부터는 모두 찬품이라는 항목 아래 통합하여 서술했다

Role of local air‐sea interaction in fire activity over Equatorial Asia

Fire activity in Equatorial Asia shows large interannual variability. Teleconnections by El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole are linked to drought and fire events; however, we found here that significant role of local Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over the Banda Sea in interannual variability of Equatorial Asian burned area in October even after removing the linear effects of teleconnections. October is the transient period from dry to wet season and strengthened seasonal circulation in October leads to a negative SST anomaly through Wind-Evaporation-SST mechanism. This anomalous local air-sea interaction sustains the dry season into October and stronger fire activity. Moreover, we found that the sensitivity of precipitation to SST is higher in October than in other months, hence fires in Equatorial Asia can be sensitively driven by local SST changes. Identification of this sensitivity will underpin better predictions of fire activity and air quality in Equatorial Asia.11Nsciescopu

Heavy quarkonium in a holographic QCD model

Encouraged by recent developments in AdS/QCD models for light quark system, we study heavy quarkonium in the framework of the AdS/QCD models. We calculate the masses of $c\bar c$ vector meson states using the AdS/QCD models at zero and at finite temperature. Among the models adopted in this work, we find that the soft wall model describes the low-lying heavy quark meson states at zero temperature relatively well. At finite temperature, we observe that once the bound state is above $T_c$, its mass will increase with temperature until it dissociates at a temperature of around $494 {\rm MeV}$. It is shown that the dissociation temperature is fixed by the infrared cutoff of the models. The present model serves as a unified non perturbative model to investigate the properties of bound quarkonium states above $T_c$.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, minor revision, to appear in phys. Rev.

Study of a Vocal Feature Selection Method and Vocal Properties for Discriminating Four Constitution Types

The voice has been used to classify the four constitution types, and to recognize a subject's health condition by extracting meaningful physical quantities, in traditional Korean medicine. In this paper, we propose a method of selecting the reliable variables from various voice features, such as frequency derivative features, frequency band ratios, and intensity, from vowels and a sentence. Further, we suggest a process to extract independent variables by eliminating explanatory variables and reducing their correlation and remove outlying data to enable reliable discriminant analysis. Moreover, the suitable division of data for analysis, according to the gender and age of subjects, is discussed. Finally, the vocal features are applied to a discriminant analysis to classify each constitution type. This method of voice classification can be widely used in the u-Healthcare system of personalized medicine and for improving diagnostic accuracy