JMASM 32: SAS Template for Single-Subject Experimental Designs

Meta-analysis has been used to synthesize research findings and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or the accuracy of diagnostic tools. Although meta-analytic techniques were developed to synthesize the results of several studies, controversy exists as to how to quantify the results from singlesubject experimental designs (SSEDs). The most commonly used metrics are reviewed, including nonregression and regression based methods. The application of the SAS template is demonstrated through simulated data sets. The SAS templates can be modified to accommodate a more complex data structure

The Impact of Sample Size in Cross-Classified Multiple Membership Multilevel Models

A simulation study was conducted to examine parameter recovery in a cross-classified multiple membership multilevel model. No substantial relative bias was identified for the fixed effect or level-one variance component estimates. However, the level-two cross-classification multiple membership factor variance components were substantially biased with relatively fewer groups

Measurements of Location-Dependent Nitric Oxide Levels on Skin Surface in relation to Acupuncture Point

Location-dependent skin surface’s partial nitric oxide pressure (pNO) is studied using highly sensitive amperometric NO microsensor with a small sensing area (diameter  = 76 μm). The pNO level of LI4 (Hegu) acupuncture point is measured and compared with the pNO level of nonacupuncture point. In addition, the mapping of pNO is carried out over the left wrist skin area one- as well as two-dimensionally. Statistically higher pNO levels near the position of acupuncture points than non-acupuncture points are observed consistently, implying tight relationship between the level of NO release of skin and acupuncture points. The amperometric planar NO microsensor successfully monitors the heterogeneity of skin pNO distribution in high spatial resolution due to its advantageous features such as high sensitivity and small sensing dimension. The current study suggests the direct connection between NO and acupuncture points and possibly provides beneficial information to understand physiological roles and basis of the acupuncture points

Pixel-wise classification in graphene-detection with tree-based machine learning algorithms

Mechanical exfoliation of graphene and its identification by optical inspection is one of the milestones in condensed matter physics that sparked the field of 2D materials. Finding regions of interest from the entire sample space and identification of layer number is a routine task potentially amenable to automatization. We propose supervised pixel-wise classification methods showing a high performance even with a small number of training image datasets that require short computational time without GPU. We introduce four different tree-based machine learning algorithms -- decision tree, random forest, extreme gradient boost, and light gradient boosting machine. We train them with five optical microscopy images of graphene, and evaluate their performances with multiple metrics and indices. We also discuss combinatorial machine learning models between the three single classifiers and assess their performances in identification and reliability. The code developed in this paper is open to the public and will be released at github.com/gjung-group/Graphene_segmentation.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

COMPARISON OF ANGULAR KINEMATIC PATTERNS BETWEEN CARVING TURN AND SKIDDING TURN DURING ALPINE SKIING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the movement patterns between segments (lower spine, pelvis, thigh, shank) and ski using the relative angular displacement on anteroposterior and vertical axis. Fourteen alpine ski instructors were participated in this study. Eight inertial measurement units were used to measure kinematic variables. Each skier was asked to perform ten carving turns and ten skidding turns on the groomed 15°slope, respectively. On the vertical axis, relative angular displacement of lower spine-ski was significantly increased during carving turn, whereas relative angular displacement of shank-ski was significantly increased during skidding turn. On the anteroposterior axis, relative angular displacement of lower spine-ski, pelvis-ski and thigh-ski were significantly increased during carving turn

Early Seizure Detection by Applying Frequency-Based Algorithm Derived from the Principal Component Analysis

The use of automatic electrical stimulation in response to early seizure detection has been introduced as a new treatment for intractable epilepsy. For the effective application of this method as a successful treatment, improving the accuracy of the early seizure detection is crucial. In this paper, we proposed the application of a frequency-based algorithm derived from principal component analysis (PCA), and demonstrated improved efficacy for early seizure detection in a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy rat model. A total of 100 ictal electroencephalographs (EEG) during spontaneous recurrent seizures from 11 epileptic rats were finally included for the analysis. PCA was applied to the covariance matrix of a conventional EEG frequency band signal. Two PCA results were compared: one from the initial segment of seizures (5 sec of seizure onset) and the other from the whole segment of seizures. In order to compare the accuracy, we obtained the specific threshold satisfying the target performance from the training set, and compared the False Positive (FP), False Negative (FN), and Latency (Lat) of the PCA based feature derived from the initial segment of seizures to the other six features in the testing set. The PCA based feature derived from the initial segment of seizures performed significantly better than other features with a 1.40% FP, zero FN, and 0.14 s Lat. These results demonstrated that the proposed frequency-based feature from PCA that captures the characteristics of the initial phase of seizure was effective for early detection of seizures. Experiments with rat ictal EEGs showed an improved early seizure detection rate with PCA applied to the covariance of the initial 5 s segment of visual seizure onset instead of using the whole seizure segment or other conventional frequency bands

Medical Practices and Attitudes of Dual-Licensed Medical Doctors in Korea

Unique dual medical system in Korea has resulted in the emergence of dual-licensed medical doctors (DLMDs) who have both traditional Korean medicine (KM) and Western medicine (WM) licenses. There have been few studies on DLMDs in spite of their growing number and importance within the medical system. We surveyed the current status and attitudes of DLMD to assess their role in integrative medicine. Questionnaires were administered to the members of the association of DLMD. Data from 103 DLMD were collected and statistically analyzed. 41.4% of DLMD were copracticing both WM and KM at a single clinic, preferring the WM approach for physical examinations, laboratory tests, and education for patients—and the KM approach for treatment and prescription. Musculoskeletal, gastroenterologic, and allergic diseases were considered to be effectively treated with co-practice. DLMD highly agreed on the efficiency of copractice for disease control and patients’ satisfaction. On the other hand, they regarded the lack of health insurance coverage for copractice and increased medical expenditure as major problems in providing co-practice. To expand the role of DLMD as mediators of integration in primary health care, the effectiveness of their co-practice should be evaluated and a corresponding health insurance reimbursement system should be established

SPRINTING SPEED OF ELITE SPRINTERS AT THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sprinting speed of the sprinters during the men's 100 m events at the IAAF World Championships (WC) in order to provide important information to track and field coaches and athletes. Sprinting speed of the sprinters was collected by using laser guns (Laveg Sport, Jenoptik, Germany) during the World Championships in Daegu 2011. Then, data from Osaka 2007 WC and Berline 2009 WC were included in the analysis. The findings indicated that a reduction of a sprinter’s maximum speed is correlated with their performance time (

SPRINTING CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN’S 100 METER FINALS AT THE IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHOPS DAEGU 2011

This study analyzed the sprinting characteristics of the finalists during the women's 100 m event in the IAAF World Championships Daegu 2011 in order to provide important information to track and field coaches and athletes. Five high speed cameras (Casio, Japan) with a sampling frequency of 300 Hz were used to calculate the number of steps, step length, and stride frequency of the eight sprinters in the women’s final event. There was a tendency to show a better performance time with a high number of steps (p=0.13) and shorter stride length (p=0.14) among the eight sprinters. Furthermore, stride frequency and performance time were negatively correlated as a higher stride frequency had a positive impact on performance time (p=0.02). Based on the relationship between COM velocity and lower extremity joint angles, the 4 top ranked sprinters showed the different strategies to maintain a high COM velocity during the mid portion of the race