BiFormer: Learning Bilateral Motion Estimation via Bilateral Transformer for 4K Video Frame Interpolation

A novel 4K video frame interpolator based on bilateral transformer (BiFormer) is proposed in this paper, which performs three steps: global motion estimation, local motion refinement, and frame synthesis. First, in global motion estimation, we predict symmetric bilateral motion fields at a coarse scale. To this end, we propose BiFormer, the first transformer-based bilateral motion estimator. Second, we refine the global motion fields efficiently using blockwise bilateral cost volumes (BBCVs). Third, we warp the input frames using the refined motion fields and blend them to synthesize an intermediate frame. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed BiFormer algorithm achieves excellent interpolation performance on 4K datasets. The source codes are available at https://github.com/JunHeum/BiFormer.Comment: Accepted to CVPR202

The Concept of Atonement in 1 John: A Redevelopment of the Second Temple Concept of Atonement

The author of 1 John interprets Christ\u27s death as the atoning sacrifice for the sins of the world (2:2; 4:10). According to 1 John, the Son is the Savior of the world (4:14) in terms of his role as the atoning sacrifice (4:10), and on the basis of his accomplished work of atonement, the Son is the heavenly advocate for believers (2:1), and for his name\u27s sake the sins of the believers are forgiven (2:12). This study is based upon the premise that this particular interpretation of the Christ event can be best understood against the backdrop of the two Jewish traditions of eschatological forgiveness and atonement, and the early church\u27s concept of realized eschatology. Part 1 focuses upon the hermeneutical milieu of the use of the atonement themes in 1 John. Part 1 is divided into two sections. Part 2 draws together the elements of the two Jewish expectations, and uses them to elucidate the treatment of atonement and forgiveness in 1 John. We conclude: (1) that Second Temple Judaism had an eschatological expectation that God would restore the fortunes of Israel, and the later OT prophets and at least some Jews during the Second Temple period referred to these in the language of atonement and forgiveness of Israel\u27s corporate sin; (2) that 1 John, building upon the Jewish traditions of forgiveness and cultic atonement in the OT and the Second Temple writings, combined the two traditions in its presentation of the atoning death of Jesus Christ and the forgiveness of sin; (3) that 1 John is distinctive, in comparison with the later OT prophets and the Second Temple literature, primarily in its application of these Jewish elements to the death of Jesus in the new way of universalizing, individualizing, and spiritualizing the national and corporate hopes of Israel; and (4) that this distinctive aspect of 1 John has its roots in the early church\u27s concept of realized eschatology as expressed in the Gospels, which is itself founded upon the kingdom teachings of Jesus

Effective Field Theory of Dipolar Braiding Statistics in Two Dimensions

A rank-2 toric code (R2TC) Hamiltonian in two dimensions can be constructed as a Higgsed descendant of rank-2 U(1) lattice gauge theory. As noted by the authors recently, [Y.-T. Oh, J. Kim, E.-G. Moon, and J. H. Han, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 105}, 045128] the quasiparticles in that model showed braiding statistics that depends on the initial locations of the particles which participate in the braiding. We argue that this new kind of statistical phase captures the total dipole moment of quasiparticles encompassed in the braiding, whereas conventional anyonic braiding sees the total charge. An Aharonov-Bohm interpretation of such {\it dipolar braiding statistics} can be made in terms of emergent, rank-1 vector potentials built from the underlying rank-2 gauge fields. Pertinent field theories of the quasiparticle dynamics in the R2TC are developed, which turn out to be highly interacting theories predicting their constrained dynamics. The accompanying conservation laws are also of unusual types. A {\it dipolar BF theory} of the rank-2 gauge fields is constructed and shown to correctly capture the dipolar braiding statistics, in contrast to the conventional BF theory capturing the {\it monopolar braiding statistics} of anyons in the rank-1 toric code. A tight-binding model for the quasiparticle dynamics in the R2TC involves two-particle as well as the one-particle hopping, both of which are coupled to the tensor gauge fields.Comment: 6 pages, supplementary materials, 3 figure