Clinical significance of metabolic tumor volume by PET/CT in stages II and III of diffuse large B cell lymphoma without extranodal site involvement

The objective of this study was to investigate whether metabolic tumor volume (MTV) by positron emission tomography (PET) can be a potential prognostic tool when compared with Ann Arbor stage, in stages II and III nodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We evaluated 169 patients with nodal stages II and III DLBCL who underwent measurements with PET prior to rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Cutoff point of MTV was measured using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. During a median period of 36 months, stage II was 59.2% and III was 40.8%. Using the ROC curve, the MTV of 220 cm3 was the cutoff value. The low MTV group (<220 cm3) had longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), compared with the high MTV group (≥220 cm3) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Stage II patients had longer survival than those in stage III (PFS, p = 0.011; OS, p = 0.001). The high MTV group had lower PFS and OS patterns, regardless of stage, compared with the low MTV group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of the high MTV group with lower PFS and OS (PFS, hazard ratio (HR) = 5.300, p < 0.001; OS, HR = 7.009, p < 0.001), but not stage III (PFS, p = 0.187; OS, p = 0.054). Assessment of MTV by PET had more potential predictive power than Ann Arbor stage in the patients that received R-CHOP

Políticas públicas orientadas a atraer y a seleccionar graduados competentes para la profesión docente: el caso de Corea del Sur

Able people in the labor market desire to become teachers in Korea, in contrast with several developed countries facing teacher shortages along with the problem of deteriorating quality.This implies that the teaching profession has been an attractive career choice for Korean youth.This paper analyzes various factors that contributed to enhancing the attractiveness of the teaching profession.Among various factors, government interventions related to attracting, selecting and retaining excellent elementary and secondary teachers are highlighted.Along with positive achievement of the policies, this paper presents the challenges they face, and suggest analytical views on what kind of effects such policies have had upon the quality of the Korean teaching forceEn Corea, las personas con talento dentro del mercado laboral desean ser docentes, en contraste con muchos países desarrollados que afrontan el problema del déficit y del deterioro de la calidad. Esto significa que la carrera docente es una profesión atractiva para la juventud coreana. Este artículo analiza los diversos factores que han contribuido a aumentar el atractivo de la carrera docente. Entre estos factores, se subrayan las intervenciones del gobierno para atraer, seleccionar y mantener docentes de excelencia en Primaria y Secundaria. Junto a la buena consecución de estas políticas, este artículo presenta los desafíos con los que se enfrentan, y propone visiones analíticas sobre el tipo de efectos que estas políticas han tenido en la calidad del cuerpo docente

Revista de educación

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Monografía con el título 'La tarea de enseñar: atraer, formar, retener y desarrollar buen profesorado'En Corea, las personas con talento dentro del mercado laboral desean ser docentes, en contraste con muchos países desarrollados que afrontan el problema del déficit y del deterioro de la calidad. Esto significa que la carrera docente es una profesión atractiva para la juventud coreana. Se analizan los diversos factores que han contribuido a aumentar el atractivo de la carrera docente. Entre estos factores, se subrayan las intervenciones del gobierno para atraer, seleccionar y mantener docentes de excelencia en Primaria y Secundaria. Junto a la buena consecución de estas políticas, este artículo presenta los desafíos con los que se enfrentan, y propone visiones analíticas sobre el tipo de efectos que estas políticas han tenido en la calidad del cuerpo docente.MadridBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Association of Increased Pulmonary Interleukin-6 with the Priming Effect of Intra-Amniotic Lipopolysaccharide on Hyperoxic Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Background: The authors previously demonstrated the priming effect of intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hyperoxic lung injury in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Objectives: To investigate the mechanism underlying this priming effect by determining biochemical profiles in a rat model of BPD. Methods: The rat model involved intra-amniotic LPS administration and postnatal hyperoxia (85%). The mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), as well as the protein levels of IL-6, VEGF, and protein carbonyl in lung tissue were compared between the LPS plus hyperoxia, the LPS only, the hyperoxia only, and the control groups. Results: Morphometric analysis of lung tissues demonstrated that alveolarization was significantly inhibited only in the LPS plus hyperoxia group. IL-6 protein levels and its mRNA expression in the lungs were significantly increased only in the LPS plus hyperoxia group. Neither LPS nor hyperoxia increased IL-6 in the lungs independently. bFGF mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the LPS-treated groups. VEGF protein levels were significantly reduced by hyperoxia, whereas protein carbonyl levels were increased by intra-amniotic LPS or hyperoxia. No additional significant change to VEGF or protein carbonyl levels was produced by intra-amniotic LPS or hyperoxia. There were no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of VEGF, VEGFR-2, and TGF-beta 1. Conclusions: The priming effect of intra-amniotic LPS on hyperoxic lung injury may be associated with IL-6 elevation in the lungs. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, BaselCHOI CW, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, pR323CHEAH FC, 2008, PEDIATR RES, V63, pR274Kunzmann S, 2007, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V292, pL223, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00159.2006Thebaud B, 2007, NEONATOLOGY, V91, P291, DOI 10.1159/000101344Speer CP, 2006, SEMIN FETAL NEONAT M, V11, P354, DOI 10.1016/j.siny.2006.03.004Choi CW, 2006, ACTA PAEDIATR, V95, P38, DOI 10.1080/08035250500404085UEDA K, 2006, PEDIATR RES, V59, pR396Bourbon J, 2005, PEDIATR RES, V57, p38RKallapur SG, 2004, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V287, pL1178, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2004JANKOV RP, 2004, PAEDIATR RESPIR REV, V5, pS265Hosford GE, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V285, pL161, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00285.2002Mitchell GB, 2003, INFECT IMMUN, V71, P1643, DOI 10.1128/IAI.71.41643-1649.2003Ambalavanan N, 2003, PEDIATR RES, V53, P240, DOI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000047656.17766.39SPEER CP, 2003, SEMIN NEONATOL, V8, P29JOBE AH, 2003, SEMIN NEONATOL, V8, P9SAUGSTAD OD, 2003, SEMIN NEONATOL, V8, P39Ikegami M, 2002, PEDIATR RES, V52, P356, DOI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000030715.99576.E7Kramer BW, 2002, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V283, pL452, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00407.2001Van Marter LJ, 2002, J PEDIATR, V140, P171, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2002.121381Lecart C, 2000, BIOL NEONATE, V77, P217WILLET KE, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V48, pR782Yoon BH, 1999, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V181, P773DeLeo FR, 1998, J CLIN INVEST, V101, P455Kotecha S, 1996, J PEDIATR, V128, P464KOTECHA S, 1996, PEDIATR RES, V40, pR250POWERS MR, 1994, J CELL BIOCHEM, V56, P536GLADSTONE IM, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V93, P764BRETTELL LM, 1994, AM J RESP CELL MOL, V10, P306FRANK L, 1991, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V11, P463WEIBEL ER, 1963, MORPHOMETRY HUMAN LU

Serial changes of lung morphology and biochemical profiles in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia induced by intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide and postnatal hyperoxia

Aim: To investigate serial changes of lung morphology and biochemical profiles in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) induced by intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration and postnatal hyperoxia (85%). Methods: We evaluated histological changes of the lungs and compared the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and protein carbonyl in lung tissue on days 1, 7, and 14 after birth in a rat model of BPD. Results: The inhibition of alveolarization was sustained in the LPS plus hyperoxia group from day 7 to 14, whereas alveolarization resumed in the hyperoxia group after oxygen exposure was withdrawn at day 7. Administration of LPS alone did not adversely affect lung morphometry. IL-6 levels showed transient overexpression at day 1 in the LPS-treated groups, but decreased at days 7 and 14. VEGF protein levels were elevated in the LPS-treated groups, but not in the hyperoxia and control groups at days 1, 7, and 14. Exposure to hyperoxia affected protein carbonyl levels in the hyperoxia group at days 7 and 14. Conclusion: Lung injury induced by intra-amniotic inflammation and postnatal hyperoxia may be due to inhibition of alveolarization without recovery even after withdrawal of oxygen.Normann E, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P430Choi CW, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P323Cheah FC, 2008, PEDIATR RES, V63, P274Thebaud B, 2007, NEONATOLOGY, V91, P291, DOI 10.1159/000101344Ueda K, 2006, PEDIATR RES, V59, P396, DOI 10.1203/01.pdr.0000200796.86858.caRojas M, 2005, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V288, pL333, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00334.2004Kramer BW, 2005, BIOL NEONATE, V88, P202, DOI 10.1159/000087583Kallapur SG, 2004, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V287, pL1178, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2004Pollet I, 2003, BLOOD, V102, P1740, DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-01-0288SPEER CP, 2003, SEMIN NEONATOL, V8, P29JOBE AH, 2003, SEMIN NEONATOL, V8, P9SAUGSTAD OD, 2003, SEMIN NEONATOL, V8, P39Kramer BW, 2002, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V283, pL452, DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00407.2001Van Marter LJ, 2002, J PEDIATR, V140, P171, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2002.121381Schock BC, 2001, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V281, pL1386Willet KE, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V48, P782Yoon BH, 1999, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V181, P773Flohe S, 1999, CYTOKINE, V11, P796Cines DB, 1998, BLOOD, V91, P3527Yoshida S, 1997, MOL CELL BIOL, V17, P4015Aono K, 1997, J CELL BIOCHEM, V65, P349Watterberg KL, 1996, PEDIATRICS, V97, P210FRANK L, 1987, PEDIATR RES, V21, P109WEIBEL ER, 1963, MORPHOMETRY HUMAN LU