Learning to Select Pre-Trained Deep Representations with Bayesian Evidence Framework

We propose a Bayesian evidence framework to facilitate transfer learning from pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our framework is formulated on top of a least squares SVM (LS-SVM) classifier, which is simple and fast in both training and testing, and achieves competitive performance in practice. The regularization parameters in LS-SVM is estimated automatically without grid search and cross-validation by maximizing evidence, which is a useful measure to select the best performing CNN out of multiple candidates for transfer learning; the evidence is optimized efficiently by employing Aitken's delta-squared process, which accelerates convergence of fixed point update. The proposed Bayesian evidence framework also provides a good solution to identify the best ensemble of heterogeneous CNNs through a greedy algorithm. Our Bayesian evidence framework for transfer learning is tested on 12 visual recognition datasets and illustrates the state-of-the-art performance consistently in terms of prediction accuracy and modeling efficiency.Comment: Appearing in CVPR-2016 (oral presentation

Numerical simulation of reverse electrodialysis with ammonium bicarbonate

A closed-loop reverse electrodialysis (RED) system using thermolytic solution has drawn significant attention in a low-grade waste heat energy recovery. The closed-loop characteristic enable the system have merits such as no need of repetitive pretreatment cost and removal of locational constraint than open-loop RED with sea and river water. In this study, we presents the numerical simulation of RED using ammonium bicarbonate which is one of the promising solute. The permselectivity of ion exchange membrane was calculated from membrane potential with various concentration ratios. We found that the polarization and the power density curve using the computed permselectivity are similar to the experimental results. The RED performance with ammonium bicarbonate was validated according to various concentration combination and flow rate. The open circuit voltage (OCV) and power density fit well for a wide range of solution concentration and the various flow rate. Finally, the optimum value of net power density, which consider the pumping loss, was obtained in terms of the intermembrane distance and the concentration ratio by the net power density contour. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Power Generation with Thermolytic Reverse Electrodialysis for Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery

Closed-loop reverse electrodialysis (RED) systems that use a thermolytic solution for low-grade waste heat recovery have attracted significant attention. They have several cost benefits, e.g., the absence of repetitive pretreatment and removal of locational constraints, when compared with open-loop RED systems using seawater and river water. This study presents a model of RED that uses ammonium bicarbonate, and this is a promising solution for closed-loop systems. The modified Planck-Henderson equation is used to calculate the ion exchange membrane potential. The calculation is based on the conductivity measurements as ionization carbonate electrochemical information has not been reported before this study. The solution resistance is experimentally determined. The experimentally obtained permselectivity is implemented into the model to predict the membrane potential more accurately. The results of the improved model are well matched with experimental results under results under various operating conditions of the RED system. In addition, in the model of this study, the net power density was characterized with the consideration of the pumping loss. The improved model predicts a maximum net power density of 0.84 W/m2 with an intermembrane distance of 0.1 mm, a flow rate of 3 mL/min, and a concentration ratio of 200 as optimum conditions. The results of the study are expected to improve our understanding of the ammonium bicarbonate-RED system and contribute to modeling studies using ammonium bicarbonate or certain other compounds for novel technologies of waste heat recovery

Readmissions following elective radical total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A case-controlled study

AbstractBackgroundReadmission after gastrectomy is one of the factors that reflect quality of life. Therefore, we analyzed the several factors related to readmissions after total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.MethodsFrom January 2002 through December 2009, 102 consecutive patients who underwent radical total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the incidence, cause, time point, and type of treatment for readmission after discharge; we compared the readmission and non-readmission groups in regard to clinicopathologic features and postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe readmission rate during the five years after total gastrectomy was 22 of 102 (21.6%). The most common cause for readmission was esophagojejunostomy stricture (5 cases). The treatment given for 31 readmissions included 23 conservative therapies, 3 radiologic or endoscopic interventions, and 5 re-operations. No significant differences were detected in the clinicopathologic feature, postoperative outcomes, or 5-year survival rates between the readmission and non-readmission group. No specific risk factor was found to be associated with readmission.ConclusionAlthough we could not determine a specific risk factor associated with readmission after radical total gastrectomy, prevention of readmission by evaluating the causes and treatments after radical total gastrectomy can improve the patient's quality of life

Analysis of Long-Range Transport of Carbon Dioxide and Its High Concentration Events over East Asian Region Using GOSAT Data and GEOS-Chem Modeling

This study aims to evaluate the long-range transport of CO2 in East Asian region, using concentration data in a surface measurement site (Gosan Station), column averaged concentration data of satellite-borne instrument (GOSAT), and GEOS-Chem modeling results for the period of June 2009 to May 2011. We perform a validation of the data from GOSAT and GEOS-Chem with total column observations (TCCON). The analysis of the long-range transport and high concentration (HC) events using surface/satellite observations and modeling results is conducted. During the HC events, the concentrations in CO2 and other air pollutants such as SO2 and CO are higher than that of all episodes. It means that CO2, known as a globally well-mixed gas, may also act as a fingerprint of human activity with unique regional characteristics like other air pollutants. This comprehensive analysis, in particular with GOSAT CO2 observation data, shows that CO2 plume with high concentration can be long-range transported with 1-2 days' duration with regional scale. We can find out with GEOS-Chem tagging simulation that more than 45% of the elevated CO2 concentration over central/eastern China, Korea, and Japan on high concentration days can be explained by emission sources of East Asia mainland.open0

Charge Transfer Induced Molecular Hole Doping into Thin Film of Metal-Organic-Frameworks

Despite the highly porous nature with significantly large surface area, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) can be hardly used in electronic, and optoelectronic devices due to their extremely poor electrical conductivity. Therefore, the study of MOF thin films that require electron transport or conductivity in combination with the everlasting porosity is highly desirable. In the present work, thin films of Co3(NDC)3DMF4 MOFs with improved electronic conductivity are synthesized using layer-by-layer and doctor blade coating techniques followed by iodine doping. The as-prepared and doped films are characterized using FE-SEM, EDX, UV/Visible spectroscopy, XPS, current-voltage measurement, photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and incident photon to current efficiency measurements. In addition, the electronic and semiconductor property of the MOF films are characterized using Hall Effect measurement, which reveals that in contrast to the insulator behavior of the as-prepared MOFs, the iodine doped MOFs behave as a p-type semiconductor. This is caused by charge transfer induced hole doping into the frameworks. The observed charge transfer induced hole doping phenomenon is also confirmed by calculating the densities of states of the as-prepared and iodine doped MOFs based on density functional theory. Photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrate an efficient interfacial charge transfer between TiO2 and iodine doped MOFs, which can be applied to harvest solar radiations.Comment: Main paper (19 pages, 6 figures) and supplementary information (15 pages, 10 figures), accepted in ACS Appl. Materials & Interface

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site and Conventional Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: A Matched Case-Control Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe our initial clinical experience and assess the feasibility of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) in the treatment of benign adrenal adenoma. Patients and Methods: Nine patients undergoing LESS adrenalectomy for benign adrenal adenoma were compared with 17 patients undergoing conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Controls were matched for age, sex, surgical indications, and tumor size via a statistically generated selection of all conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed during the same period of time. Results: No significant differences in the mean operative time (169 vs. 144.5 minutes, p = 0.287), blood loss (177.8 vs. 204.7 mL, p = 0.792), and postoperative hospital stay (3.2 vs. 3.5 days, p = 0.525) were observed between the LESS and conventional laparoscopy group. However, postoperative pain, as measured by the number of days of intravenous (IV) patient controlled anesthesia use, was significantly lower in the LESS group (0.9 vs. 1.9 days, p = 0.047). Perioperative complications were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: LESS adrenalectomy for benign adrenal adenoma is comparable to the conventional laparoscopic approach with regard to the operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and degree of complication, and has demonstrated more desirable cosmetic outcomes.Raman JD, 2009, EUR UROL, V55, P1198, DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.08.019Park YH, 2009, J ENDOUROL, V23, P833, DOI 10.1089/end.2009.0025Irwin BH, 2009, UROL CLIN N AM, V36, P223, DOI 10.1016/j.ucl.2009.02.011Tracy CR, 2008, NAT CLIN PRACT UROL, V5, P561, DOI 10.1038/ncpuro1215Melman L, 2008, SURG CLIN N AM, V88, P1033, DOI 10.1016/j.suc.2008.05.010Parnaby CN, 2008, SURG ENDOSC, V22, P617, DOI 10.1007/s00464-007-9709-7Tsuru N, 2005, J ENDOUROL, V19, P537Smith CD, 1999, WORLD J SURG, V23, P389Hansen P, 1997, ENDOSCOPY, V29, P309GAGNER M, 1992, NEW ENGL J MED, V327, P10332