DEVELOPMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL ONLINE GAME FOR THE INTERVENTION OF KOREAN DYSLEXIA - A GAME UTILIZING SYLLABLE COUNTING FOR PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS INTERVENTION -

5% of the world population suffers from dyslexia (difficulty in reading), and according to research, the brain begins to distinguish characters at the age of 60 months. Thus, at the time when children are learning to speak at the age of 60 months, the dyslexic intervention is most needed. During intervention, the teacher needs to use a verified method according to the educational needs of the students with dyslexia. In Korea, the number of teachers specialized for dyslexia education is highly insufficient. Therefore, a program that accessible to as many dyslexic children as possible in highly in need which can offered independent yet effective learning.  This study aimed to develop an effective online game program for the treatment of dyslexia. We first researched the contents and characteristics of the current phonological dyslexia interventions, and examined the needs of stakeholders. Then, based on the survey results, we designed a game for phonological awareness (syllable counting)

Bat4RCT: A suite of benchmark data and baseline methods for text classification of randomized controlled trials.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) play a major role in aiding biomedical research and practices. To inform this research, the demand for highly accurate retrieval of scientific articles on RCT research has grown in recent decades. However, correctly identifying all published RCTs in a given domain is a non-trivial task, which has motivated computer scientists to develop methods for identifying papers involving RCTs. Although existing studies have provided invaluable insights into how RCT tags can be predicted for biomedicine research articles, they used datasets from different sources in varying sizes and timeframes and their models and findings cannot be compared across studies. In addition, as datasets and code are rarely shared, researchers who conduct RCT classification have to write code from scratch, reinventing the wheel. In this paper, we present Bat4RCT, a suite of data and an integrated method to serve as a strong baseline for RCT classification, which includes the use of BERT-based models in comparison with conventional machine learning techniques. To validate our approach, all models are applied on 500,000 paper records in MEDLINE. The BERT-based models showed consistently higher recall scores than conventional machine learning and CNN models while producing slightly better or similar precision scores. The best performance was achieved by the BioBERT model when trained on both title and abstract texts, with the F1 score of 90.85%. This infrastructure of dataset and code will provide a competitive baseline for the evaluation and comparison of new methods and the convenience of future benchmarking. To our best knowledge, our study is the first work to apply BERT-based language modeling techniques to RCT classification tasks and to share dataset and code in order to promote reproducibility and improvement in text classification in biomedicine research

Decision making with the deterministic judgment of urea production with various hydrogen sources: technical, economic, and environmental aspects

Demand for urea is gradually increasing, and is also focused on producing economical urea production; accordingly, urea production is concentrated on existing coal-fired power stations. However, coal-fired-power-station-based electricity production causes environmental pollution and urea production should be converted to renewable-energy-based production. Until now, renewable-energy-based urea production has been less economical than coal-fired-power-plant-based urea production, so various technical, economic, and environmental perspectives are needed. In particular, urea production can involve the unit urea production cost, considering various scenarios by the direct use of carbon dioxide and the indirect use of hydrogen through ammonia. In this work, unit urea production was estimated in consideration of the various type of hydrogen (grey, brown, blue, green, pink, and turquoise) and evaluated with respect to technical, economic, and environmental perspectives through an analytic hierarchy process with deterministic judgments

Chemical characterization of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) sprout extracts and their regulation of inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells

The balloon flower (BF) is a potent natural source of phytochemical compounds and is associated with our health. The sprouting process is accompanied by significant changes in phytochemical compounds in comparison with their original plants. Even though many studies are conducted with BF, there are not yet reports of BF sprouts. In the present study, we determined the chemical composition and biological activity of BF sprouts that had been cultivated for 50 days. Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside and 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid were identified as major components of whole BF sprouts. The leaves/stems of the sprouts had higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and lower IC50 values in DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging assays than whole sprouts or roots. The roots of the sprouts had the highest polygalacin D content (1.44 mg/g). We also determined the effects of different parts of BF sprouts on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. When these cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), their nitrite and pro-inflammatory cytokine production increased. BF sprouts suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in a concentration-dependent manner without causing any cytotoxic effects. Nitrite and pro-inflammatory cytokine production were significantly inhibited by the roots and leaves/stems, respectively. The inhibitory effects of BF sprouts on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were associated with suppressed NF-κB activation. These findings suggest that BF sprouts could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds and exert anti-inflammatory effects due to their polygalacin D, deapi-platycodin D3, and polyphenol content

Application of green hydrogen with theoretical and empirical approaches of alkaline water electrolysis: Life cycle-based techno economic and environmental assessments of renewable urea synthesis

Alkaline water electrolysis which is the most commercialized and mature technology of water electrolysis was researched to improve performance by the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). In line with the trend of energy shift, renewable urea production through hydrogen production from alkaline water electrolysis was proposed in this work. To vali-date the process modeling of renewable urea production and hydrogen performance analysis with I-V curves was assessed. Economic and life cycle assessments were conducted to provide quantitative guidelines for renewable urea production. Absolutely, the influential factor of unit urea production cost was hydrogen from alkaline water electrolysis and environmental assessment results as well. Moreover, the guidelines for renewable urea production were provided through cost estimation and life cycle assess-ment. In summary, hydrogen production from alkaline water electrolysis had a significant impact on urea production and for this reason, research on alkaline water electrolysis should continue for further development.(c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Optimized H-2 fueling station arrangement model based on total cost of ownership (TCO) of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV)

Environmental issue such as global warming caused serious natural disasters such as flood and drought due to CO2 emission. Global countries cooperate to address the global warming represented by Paris Agreement, which encouraged actions to restrict CO2 emission and global average temperature increase. H-2 has been received more attention than before due to its eco-friendly property. Fuel cell and fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) are the widely used H-2 application in terms of energy and transportation sector. However, most of the researches were carried out related to H-2 supply chain. In hence, in this study, economic analysis considering total cost of ownership (TCO) of FCEV was conducted and correlation between TCO and market share of FCEV was figured out by drawing a regression curve. Finally, an optimization model was developed to obtain the optimal H-2 fueling station arrangement model in case of 2022, 2030, and 2040 depending on learning rate (8, 13, and 18%). The $ 46,444.2 of TCO was computed considering three years of ownership length. In addition, 4.3, 31.7, and 94.0% of maker share in 2040 were reached in case of 8, 13, and 18% of learning rate, respectively. Finally, it was unveiled that H-2 fueling station is preferred to construct equally in nation and the construction region will be shifted to a higher population density region as time passed. (C) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Preliminary feasibility study for hydrogen storage using several promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers: Technical, economic, and environmental perspectives

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are promising alternatives to conventional H-2 media owing to their novelty in the storage and transportation of H-2. Herein, a comprehensive feasibility study is reported for hydrogenation processes using several promising LOHC systems: N-ethylcarbazole (NEC)-perhydro-NEC (12H-NEC), dibenzyltoluene (DBT), perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (18H-DBT), toluene (TOL)-methylcyclohexane (MCH), and CO2-methanol (MeOH). Detailed process simulation using Aspen Plus (R) reveals a considerable amount of stored H-2 for DBT-18H-DBT (7.20 kmolH(2) h(-1)) and the lowest unit cost of H-2 storage (7.00 $kgH(2)(-1)) by itemized cost estimation. In addition, the effects of operating temperature, recycle ratio of unreacted H-2, and scale of H-2 storage on economic feasibility are investigated, and the expected cost reductions to 2.83, 4.21, 3.84, and 2.37$ kgH(2)(-1) are evaluated for NEC-12H-NEC, DBT-18H-DBT, TOL-MCH, and CO2-MeOH, respectively. The sensitivity analysis quantifies the variation in the total unit cost of H-2 storage and identifies the costs of the H-2 reactant and labor as key economic parameters in LOHC hydrogenation. Furthermore, 0.16-0.43, 0.78-1.72, 1.25-1.73, and 1.12-5.52 kgCO(2) kgH(2)(-1) of unit CO2 emissions are evaluated by integrative carbon footprint analysis

What is the best scenario to utilize landfill gas? Quantitative and qualitative approaches for technical, economic, and environmental feasibility

To overcome the globally increasing trend in the generation of landfill gas (LFG), an environmentally harmful waste, which is derived from the huge amount of municipal solid waste, various investigations into the utilization of LFG have been actively conducted. In this study, an extensive investigation of the technical, economic, and environmental aspects for several scenarios of LFG utilization, in which LFG streams with different levels of CO2 capture (HG, MG, and LG) are utilized in the production of H-2 (HG-H-2, MG-H-2, and LG-H-2), electricity (HG-E, MG-E, and LG-E), and the valuable materials methanol (MeOH) (HG-MeOH and MG-MeOH), dimethyl ether (DME) (HG-DME and MG-DME), and formic acid (FA) (HG-FA and MG-FA), is presented. All the investigated scenarios are simulated using Aspen Plus (R), and the derived results are used in an itemized cost estimation to evaluate the process cost of each scenario. Profitability analysis reveals net present values of 24.9 and 18.4 M$ for HG-H-2 and HG-FA, and the subsequent scenario analysis indicates the significant effect of H-2 and product selling prices on economic feasibility. In addition, significant annualized CO2 emissions of 21 589 tonCO(2) years(-1) are obtained for MG-MeOH using integrative carbon footprint analysis, whereas LG-E exhibits the lowest emissions of 2610 tonCO(2) per years. Based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the comprehensive feasibility of each scenario, the great potential of MG-FA to be a versatile utilization route and the environmental benefits of the LG-based utilization scenario are presented