39 research outputs found

    Schreier rewriting beyond the classical setting

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    Using actions of free monoids and free associative algebras, we establish some Schreier-type formulas involving the ranks of actions and the ranks of subactions in free actions or Grassmann-type relations for the ranks of intersections of subactions of free actions. The coset action of the free group is used to establish the generalization of the Schreier formula to the case of subgroups of infinite index. We also study and apply large modules over free associative algebras in the spirit of the paper Olshanskii, A. Yu.; Osin, D.V., Large groups and their periodic quotients, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 136 (2008), 753 - 759.Comment: 17 page

    Роль мСтилирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² гСрпСсвирусов Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΠ°Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ°

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    Marek’s disease virus is ubiquitous and can harm not only poultry, but also be oncogenic for humans. VBM and malignant tumors induced by them are a convenient and accessible natural model for studying herpesvirus-associated carcinogenesis. To date, according to our observations, there are additional risks of human infection with the Marek’s disease virus - the disease began to appear in broiler chickens 30 days and older, i.e. contact with poultry meat carries a risk of infection. In addition, COVID-19 disease may be accompanied by folic acid deficiency, i.e. a violation of the folate cycle in humans, which increases the risk of manifestation of diseases associated with DNA viruses, since a violation of the folate cycle can reduce the activity of DNA methylation, incl. viral DNA. Methylation is carried out enzymatically in the first minutes after DNA replication, i.e. postreplicatively. Since the DNA nucleotide sequence does not change, methylation is essentially an epigenetic event. We have studied the relationship between the methylation of promoters of the Marek’s disease virus and the copy number of the virus. The assessment of the presence or absence of methylation, as well as partial methylation, was carried out on the basis of identifying the difference between the threshold cycles dC(t). The presence of unmethylated sites included in the studied promoter sequence was detected on the basis of the ability of methylsensitive restrictases AciI and GlaI. A correlation was found between the concentration of genomic DNA of the Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 strain CVI 988 in cell culture and the presence of demethylated CpG islands in the composition of promoters located at position 9413-9865 bp. and 127943 - 128193 b.p. genomic DNA of the virus. The data obtained make it possible to explain the mechanism of the increase in the pathogenicity of herpesvirus infections under conditions of a decrease in the activity of viral DNA methylation in the body.Вирус Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΠ°Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° (Π’Π‘Πœ) ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ повсСмСстноС распространСниС ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄ домашнСй ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ для Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π’Π‘Πœ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ злокачСствСнныС ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ доступной СстСствСнной модСлью изучСния ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, ассоциированного с гСрпСсвирусами. На сСгодняшний дСнь, ΠΏΠΎ нашим наблюдСниям, появились Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ риски зараТСния людСй вирусом Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΠ°Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° – болСзнь Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ цыплят-Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² 30 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‚.Π΅. ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ с мясом ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ нСсСт риск зараТСния. Помимо этого, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ COVID-19 ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты, Ρ‚.Π΅. Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Ρƒ людСй, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ риск манифСстации Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, связанных с Π”ΠΠš-вирусами, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° способно ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ мСтилирования Π”ΠΠš, Π² Ρ‚.Ρ‡. вирусной Π”ΠΠš. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ осущСствляСтся Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹ послС Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π”ΠΠš, Ρ‚.Π΅. пострСпликативно. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ нуклСотидная ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”ΠΠš ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Π½Π΅ мСняСтся, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ сути своСй – событиС эпигСнСтичСскоС. Нами Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² вируса Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΠ°Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ вируса. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° наличия ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ отсутствия мСтилирования, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ частичного мСтилирования, ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π½Π° основС выявлСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ dC(t). НаличиС Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сайтов, входящих Π² состав ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½Π° основС способности ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… рСстриктаз AciI ΠΈ GlaI. Π‘Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° коррСляционная Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš вируса Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΠ°Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° 1-Π³ΠΎ сСротипа ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ° CVI988 Π² ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… CpG-островков Π² составС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 9413–9865 ΠΈ 127943–128193 ΠΏ.Π½. Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš вируса. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ патогСнности гСрпСсвирусных ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² условиях сниТСния активности мСтилирования вирусной Π”ΠΠš Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅

    Weak factorization systems for S-acts

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    The concept of a weak factorization system has been studied extensively in homotopy theory and has recently found an application in one of the proofs of the celebrated flat cover conjecture, categorical versions of which have been presented by a number of authors including Rosicky. One of the main aims of this paper is to draw attention to this interesting concept and to initiate a study of these systems in relation to flatness of S-acts and related concepts
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