Reliability and validity of velocity measures and regression methods to predict maximal strength ability in the back-squat using a novel linear position transducer.

Purpose: to examine the reliability of load-velocity profiles (LVPs) and validity of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) prediction methods in the back-squat using the novel Vitruve linear position transducer (LPT). Methods: twenty-five men completed a back-squat 1-RM assessment followed by 2 LVP trials using 5 incremental loads (20%-40%-60%-80%-90% 1-RM). Mean propulsive velocity (MPV), mean velocity (MV), and peak velocity (PV) were measured via a (LPT). Linear and polynomial regression models were applied to the data. The reliability and validity criteria were defined a-priori as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Pearson correlation coefficient (r) > 0.70, coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 10%, and effect size (ES) < 0.60. Bland-Altman analysis and heteroscedasticity of errors (r2) were also assessed. Results: the main findings indicated MPV, MV and PV were reliable across 20- 13 90% 1-RM (CV < 8.8%). The secondary findings inferred all prediction models had acceptable reliability (CV < 8.0%). While the MPV linear and MV linear models demonstrated the best estimation of 1-RM (CV < 5.9%), all prediction models displayed unacceptable validity and a tendency to overestimate or underestimate 1-RM. Mean systematic bias (-7.29 to 2.83 kg) was detected for all prediction models, along with little to no heteroscedasticity of errors for linear (r2 < 0.04) and polynomial models (r2 < 0.08). Furthermore, all 1-RM estimations were significantly different from each other (p < 0.03). Conclusions: MPV, MV, and PV can provide reliable LVPs and repeatable 1-RM predictions. However, prediction methods may not be sensitive enough to replace direct assessment of 1-RM. Polynomial regression is not suitable for 1-RM prediction

Reliability and validity of velocity measures and regression methods to predict maximal strength ability in the back-squat using a novel linear position transducer

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of load-velocity profiles (LVPs) and validity of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) prediction methods in the back-squat using the novel Vitruve linear position transducer (LPT). Twenty-five men completed a back-squat 1-RM assessment followed by 2 LVP trials using five incremental loads (20%–40%–60%–80%–90% 1-RM). Mean propulsive velocity (MPV), mean velocity (MV) and peak velocity (PV) were measured via a (LPT). Linear and polynomial regression models were applied to the data. The reliability and validity criteria were defined a priori as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Pearson correlation coefficient (r) . 0.70, coefficient of variation (CV) 410%, and effect size (ES) \0.60. Bland Altman analysis and heteroscedasticity of errors (r2) were also assessed. The main findings indicated MPV, MV and PV were reliable across 20%–90% 1-RM (CV \ 8.8%). The secondary findings inferred all prediction models had acceptable reliability (CV \ 8.0%). While the MPV linear and MV linear models demonstrated the best estimation of 1-RM (CV \ 5.9%), all prediction models displayed unacceptable validity and a tendency to overestimate or underestimate 1-RM. Mean systematic bias (27.29 to 2.83 kg) was detected for all prediction models, along with little to no heteroscedasticity of errors for linear (r2 \ 0.04) and polynomial models (r2 \ 0.08). Furthermore, all 1-RM estimations were significantly different from each other (p \ 0.03). Concludingly, MPV, MV and PV can provide reliable LVPs and repeatable 1-RM predictions. However, prediction methods may not be sensitive enough to replace direct assessment of 1-RM. Polynomial regression is not suitable for 1-RM prediction

Reliability of the Coach’s Eye goniometer application during squat exercise

This study examined the test re-test, intrarater and interrater reliability of joint kinematics from the Coach’s Eye smartphone application. Twenty-two males completed a 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) assessment followed by 2 identical sessions using 5 incremental loads (20%-40%-60%-80%-90% 1-RM). Peak flexion angles at the hip, knee, and ankle joints were assessed using 1 experienced practitioner and 1 inexperienced practitioner. The acceptable reliability thresholds were defined as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (r) > 0.70 and coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 10%. The test re-test reliability of peak hip and knee flexion were reliable across 20-90% 1-RM (r > 0.64; CV 0.70; CV 0.11). The intrarater reliability was near perfect (r > 0.90) except for peak ankle flexion (r > 0.85). The interrater reliability was nearly perfect (r > 0.91) except for hip flexion at 80% 1-RM and ankle flexion at 20% (r > 0.77). Concludingly, the Coach’s Eye application can produce repeatable assessments of joint kinematics using either a single examiner or 2 examiners, regardless of experience level. The Coach’s Eye can accurately monitor squat depth

Reliability of the Coach’s Eye Goniometer Application during Squat Exercise

This study examined the test re-test, intrarater and interrater reliability of joint kinematics from the Coach’s Eye smartphone application. Twenty-two males completed a 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) assessment followed by 2 identical sessions using 5 incremental loads (20%-40%-60%-80%-90% 1-RM). Peak flexion angles at the hip, knee, and ankle joints were assessed using 1 experienced practitioner and 1 inexperienced practitioner. The acceptable reliability thresholds were defined as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (r) > 0.70 and coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 10%. The test re-test reliability of peak hip and knee flexion were reliable across 20-90% 1-RM (r > 0.64; CV 0.70; CV 0.11). The intrarater reliability was near perfect (r > 0.90) except for peak ankle flexion (r > 0.85). The interrater reliability was nearly perfect (r > 0.91) except for hip flexion at 80% 1-RM and ankle flexion at 20% (r > 0.77). Concludingly, the Coach’s Eye application can produce repeatable assessments of joint kinematics using either a single examiner or 2 examiners, regardless of experience level. The Coach’s Eye can accurately monitor squat depth

FAK inhibition alone or in combination with adjuvant therapies reduces cancer stem cell activity

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-06-29, accepted 2021-03-15, registration 2021-04-23, pub-electronic 2021-05-28, online 2021-05-28, collection 2021-12Publication status: PublishedFunder: Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000297Abstract: Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) contribute to therapy resistance and recurrence. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has a role in CSC regulation. We determined the effect of FAK inhibition on breast CSC activity alone and in combination with adjuvant therapies. FAK inhibition reduced CSC activity and self-renewal across all molecular subtypes in primary human breast cancer samples. Combined FAK and paclitaxel reduced self-renewal in triple negative cell lines. An invasive breast cancer cohort confirmed high FAK expression correlated with increased risk of recurrence and reduced survival. Co-expression of FAK and CSC markers was associated with the poorest prognosis, identifying a high-risk patient population. Combined FAK and paclitaxel treatment reduced tumour size, Ki67, ex-vivo mammospheres and ALDH+ expression in two triple negative patient derived Xenograft (PDX) models. Combined treatment reduced tumour initiation in a limiting dilution re-implantation PDX model. Combined FAK inhibition with adjuvant therapy has the potential to improve breast cancer survival

Perceived exertion responses to wheelchair propulsion differ between novice able-bodied and trained wheelchair sportspeople

Objectives: To investigate peripheral (RPEP) and central (RPEC) rating of perceived exertion during wheelchair propulsion in untrained able-bodied (AB) participants, and trained wheelchair rugby athletes with and without cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI).Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: 38 participants (AB: n = 20; wheelchair rugby athletes with CSCI: n = 9; without CSCI: n = 9) completed an incremental wheelchair propulsion test to exhaustion on a motorised treadmill. Gas exchange measures and heart rate (HR) were collected throughout. RPEP and RPEC on the Category Ratio-10 were verbally recorded each minute. Blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) was determined post-test.Results: Between 50-100% peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), RPEP was greater than RPEC in AB (p Conclusion: RPEP was dominant over RPEC during wheelchair propulsion for untrained AB participants. For athletes with CSCI, lower RPEP and RPEC were reported at the same %V̇O2peak compared to those without CSCI. The mechanism for this remains to be fully elucidated.</div

FAK inhibition alone or in combination with adjuvant therapies reduces cancer stem cell activity

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) contribute to therapy resistance and recurrence. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has a role in CSC regulation. We determined the effect of FAK inhibition on breast CSC activity alone and in combination with adjuvant therapies. FAK inhibition reduced CSC activity and self-renewal across all molecular subtypes in primary human breast cancer samples. Combined FAK and paclitaxel reduced self-renewal in triple negative cell lines. An invasive breast cancer cohort confirmed high FAK expression correlated with increased risk of recurrence and reduced survival. Co-expression of FAK and CSC markers was associated with the poorest prognosis, identifying a high-risk patient population. Combined FAK and paclitaxel treatment reduced tumour size, Ki67, ex-vivo mammospheres and ALDH+ expression in two triple negative patient derived Xenograft (PDX) models. Combined treatment reduced tumour initiation in a limiting dilution re-implantation PDX model. Combined FAK inhibition with adjuvant therapy has the potential to improve breast cancer survival

Observation of WWWWWW Production in pppp Collisions at s\sqrt s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

International audienceThis Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820 \pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy

Observation of WWWWWW Production in pppp Collisions at s\sqrt s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

International audienceThis Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820 \pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy

Observation of WWWWWW Production in pppp Collisions at s\sqrt s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

International audienceThis Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820 \pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy