A KINEMATICIS ANALYSES OF HIGH SCHOOL CHAMPIONSHIP LONG JUMPERS

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to analyze the long jump event during the Amman School Championship, and to investigate which of the kinematics variables contributed to the distance achieved in the long jump, and to compare the actual distance (AD) achieved by the jumper and the qualified legal distance (LED) judged. METHODS: Fifteen jumpers from Amman Secondary School were filmed at the saggital plane during the execution of three trials of long jumping. A video Camera (Sony) was set at (50) HZ/ second and was perpendicular to the plane of motion. Data from the image of the (TV) were analyzed and the following kinematics variables were calculated: flying angle (FA), take of angle (TOA), landing angle (LA), the vertical flying velocity (VFV), the horizontal flying velocity (HFV), flying velocity (FV). height of the body center of gravity at take off (HCGTO) and at landing (HCGL), take off distance (TOD), flying distance (FD). Landing distance (LD) direct distance of the last three strides from the approach (DDLSS). The data were statistically analyzed using (SAS) packages, whereby the T test and stepwise regression were used. RESULTS: It was found that there were significant differences between the (LED) and the (AD) jumped for the (AD). The (TOA) contributed by 0.39, the (TOA) and (FV) contributed by 0.47, the (TOA) and (FV) and (HCGTO) contributed by 0.61 to the total distance jumped. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the three variables that contributed most to the total distance matched those factors in the Newtonian low of projectiles. It is suggested, therefore, to concentrate on making the approach run accurate and to achieve the maximal velocity for optimizing the three kinematics variables at takeoff

EFFECT OF STRETCH REFLEX BLOCKAGE ON THE KINETICS AND KINEMATICS OF THREE JUMPERS PERFORMANCES

It has been postulated that the stretch reflex enhances force production in walking (Capady & Stein, 1986), running (Deitz, 1981), hopping (Melvill-Jones & Watt, 1971) and jumping (Bosco, et a1., 1982). In addition, it is widely accepted that the elastic component of muscles plays an important role in dynamic activities such as jumping. For example, during eccentric contraction ofthe jump, energy may be stored in the series elastic components which can be re-used during the subsequent concentric contraction. In fact, evidence from isolated muscle, as well as from intact muscle in humans, has been presented to show that the elastic energy storage contributed to enhanced work, force, velocity, and power of the positive phase of muscle contraction (e.g., Cavagna, 1965, 1971 a,b). All of the enhanced performances during the positive phase was attributed to fast stretching of a muscle prior to the shortening. It is well known that in stretching a muscle the muscle spindle will be stretched during which a volley of discharge is carried by an afferent path to evoke the stretch reflex. It was concluded that EMG activity in the extensor muscle is much higher in a countermovement jump (CMJ) than in a squat jump. Thus, the enhanced performance produced by a CMJ is related to a combination of elastic energy storage and the stretch reflex (Bosco, et a1., 1982)

Martyrs or Terrorists: Suicide bombing in Islamic Hermeneutics

Most sociologists, anthropologists and scholars with backgrounds different from the Islamic tradition had written off martyrdom as parallel to suicide. However, the concept of martyrdom in Islam is associated with an all-inclusive effort to make the word of Allah supreme on the surface of the earth. The adoption of suicide terrorism by some Muslim groups as a strategic objective of modern warfare is the thrust of this paper. The work explicates suicide terrorism as war tactic in contemporary time. It examines the evidence and claims that have been advanced for the permissibility of self-sacrifices operation (al-amaliyyat al-Istishhadiyyah) or martyrdom, and suicide bombing, which many of the contemporary groups consider as legitimate tactic of war and hence subsequently qualifying the one that is involved a martyr. To achieve this, the authors use the Qur’an, Hadith, different school of thoughts and contemporary scholar’s view to examine the position and claims that have been advanced. However, the various sources from classical times to our present day provide evidence that martyrdom or self-sacrifice operation is not alien to Islam but, the upsurge of suicide terrorism and suicide bombing among some militant Muslim groups today is not an influence of Islamic fundamentalism or conservatism as mostly explained in intellectual discourse rather it is adopted as a war tactic which exists in other traditions outside Islam and that its permissibility depends on the context of its deployment.Keywords: Jihad, Martyrs. Terrorists, Suicide, bombin

KINEMATICS TECHNIQUES DIFFERENCES IN SELECTED HORIZONTAL BAR MANEUVERS

Performance on the horizontal bars largely depends on swings which are fundamental to executing various skills. The kinematics of swings plays an important role in preliminary execution to predetermine the skill performed, thus, swings may differ from one performing skill to another. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical differences of the swings when the gymnast performs three different skills on the horizontal bars. these are:1) the backward giant swing (BGS); 2) tkatchev (TC); 3) double back somersault dismount (DBSD)

What is the Status of Omani Parents on their Children’s Healthy Lifestyle?

The purpose of this study was to document the significance of the practices employed by parents that contribute to children’s healthy lifestyle in Oman. Those practices encompassed the physical activity and inactivity, sedentary behaviour, nutritional knowledge, and its reflection on their children at early childhood class. Subjects consisted of 237 male and female parents of kindergarten children in the Sultanate of Oman. The researchers developed a twenty-three and a twenty-item questionnaire intended to measure the degree of parent involvement in their children's impact at acceptable levels of validity and reliability. (Amazingly, it was found that parents’ healthy lifestyle were low in their habit practices (low in engagement to physical activity, sports and daily life activity) which showed a trend of sedentary lifestyle. Meanwhile, they did not encourage their children to participate in physical activity nor control them from staying away from being in front of TV screen and video games, too. In addition, their nutritional knowledge also scored low which affected their children’s health negatively. It is, therefore, suggested that lifestyle concept should be inculcated in the learning process for children, and further analysis be made as to what extent the demographic category may influence parents’ involvement towards their children’s healthy lifestyle.

THE IMPACT OF DETRAINING ON PERFORMANCE AND SOME OF THE BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLES IN TAEKWONDO

Twenty players (aged 9 – 13 yrs) were divided into two equivalent groups ( 10 each ) based on ( age , height , weight , training age and the selected biomechanical variables).The 1st group ( fixed training) trained by the round house kick from ready position (stance) while the 2nd group ( variant training ) trained using different types of the skills’ execution. Both group trained there times a week (75 Minutes) for 6 weeks and measurements were taken for the post test, one week later of detraining and two weeks later of detraining, for fixed training and variant training. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the posttest and first detraining. It is recommended that both training regimen are important to conserve the level of achieved performance after 2 weeks of detraining

E-Learning Readiness of Jordanian Universities

E-learning became very important to the universities success and it considered as one of the key success factors, in which it’s enhanced the competitive advantage and help in competing strongly in the market. Using Information technologies and sharing tools will add value to the educational process and by using these tools; the universities will have the power of innovation and creativity. E-learning helps in developing, managing and maintaining the students knowledge, on the other hand, it enhances the performance and learning capacity to remain innovation and competitive. This paper is measuring the readiness of the Jordanian universities for e-learning. It presents the main findings of a survey conducted to evaluate the e-learning readiness. The survey helped in analyzing three levels used for the measurement: ICT infrastructure, universities lecturers and students’ readiness, and the maturity of the external environment. Keywords: E-learning, IT infrastructure, Demand, External Environment, and HR readiness