O-GlcNAc modification of Sp1 inhibits the functional interaction between Sp1 and Oct1

AbstractSp1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that is modified by multiple O-linked N-acetylglucosamines (O-GlcNAc). Previously, O-GlcNAcylation of a specific site of Sp1 was shown to inhibit Sp1 transcriptional activity. Yet, how O-GlcNAc on other modification sites affects Sp1 function and how O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 affects the transcriptional regulation of a target gene remains unknown. Here we show that O-GlcNAc within the second serine/threonine-rich region of Sp1 interrupts a known interaction between Sp1 and Oct1, and inhibits the cooperative activation of the U2 snRNA gene by Sp1 and Oct1.Structured summaryMINT-6803452: Sp1 (uniprotkb-P08047) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Oct1 (uniprotkb:P14859) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)MINT-6803426, MINT-6803438: Oct1 (uniprotkb:P14859) binds (MI:0407) to Sp1 (uniprotkb:P08047) by pull down (MI:0096)MINT-6803470, MINT-6803484: Sp1 (uniprotkb:P08047) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Oct1 (uniprotkb:P14859) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006

CCL7 Is a Negative Regulator of Cutaneous Inflammation Following Leishmania major Infection

The chemokine CCL7 (MCP3) is known to promote the recruitment of many innate immune cell types including monocytes and neutrophils to sites of bacterial and viral infection and eosinophils and basophils to sites of allergic inflammation. CCL7 upregulation has been associated with many inflammatory settings including infection, cardiovascular disease, and the tumor microenvironment. CCL7's pleotropic effects are due in part to its ability to bind numerous chemokine receptors, namely CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CCR10. CCL7-blockade or CCL7-deficiency is often marked by decreased inflammation and poor pathogen control. In the context of Leishmania major infection, CCL7 is specifically upregulated in the skin one-2 weeks after infection but its role in L. major control is unclear. To determine CCL7's impact on the response to L. major we infected WT and CCL7−/− C57BL/6 mice. L. major infection of CCL7-deficient mice led to an unexpected increase in inflammation in the infected skin 2 weeks post-infection. A broad increase in immune cell subsets was observed but was dominated by enhanced neutrophilic infiltration. Increased neutrophil recruitment was associated with an enhanced IL-17 gene profile in the infected skin. CCL7 was shown to directly antagonize neutrophil migration in vitro and CCL7 add-back in vivo specifically reduced neutrophil influx into the infected skin revealing an unexpected role for CCL7 in limiting neutrophil recruitment during L. major infection. Enhanced neutrophilic infiltration in CCL7-deficient mice changed the balance of L. major infected host cells with an increase in the ratio of infected neutrophils over monocytes/macrophages. To determine the consequence of CCL7 deficiency on L. major control we analyzed parasite load cutaneously at the site of infection and viscerally in the draining LN and spleen. The CCL7−/− mice supported robust cutaneous parasite control similar to their WT C57BL/6 counterparts. In contrast, CCL7-deficiency led to greater parasite dissemination and poor parasite control in the spleen. Our studies reveal a novel role for CCL7 in negatively regulating cutaneous inflammation, specifically neutrophils, early during L. major infection. We propose that CCL7-mediated dampening of the early immune response in the skin may limit the ability of the parasite to disseminate without compromising cutaneous control

A 122-mW Low-Power Multiresolution Spectrum-Sensing IC With Self-Deactivated Partial Swing Techniques

A low-power multiresolution spectrum-sensing (LP-MRSS) IC utilizing self-deactivated partial swing techniques is fabricated in 0.18-??m complementary metaloxideCMOS technology. The LP-MRSS is composed of a low-power digital window generator, analog correlators, low-power pipeline analog-to-digital converters, and a fast-sweeping frequency synthesizer. The LP-MRSS dissipates 122 mW at a 1.8-V supply voltage achieving an approximately 33% power reduction over the previous MRSS IC.close91

Low-Power Technique for SRAM-Based On-Chip Arbitrary-Waveform Generator

A low-power technique for a static random-access memory (SRAM)-based on-chip arbitrary-waveform generator (AWG) is proposed for two types of analog-signal-processing applications: multiresolution spectrum sensing and matched filter. The SRAM has an embedded address generator to limit the operation in a sequential-access mode of the AWG. Then, the power consumption of the AWG is analyzed according to the operation modes in multiresolution and multiwaveform spectrum-sensing functions. The low-power technique reduces power by 18% of the SRAM and the address generator and by about 2.2% of the entire AWG at a 1.8-V supply voltage. The AWG is fabricated in a 0.18-mu m CMOS technology and demonstrates a chirp signal and a Daubechies wavelet with a 45-dBc spurious-free dynamic range and a cross-correlation factor of 0.96-0.988 with ideal signals.close0

A Fully Integrated UHF-Band CMOS Receiver With Multi-Resolution Spectrum Sensing (MRSS) Functionality for IEEE 802.22 Cognitive Radio Applications

Fast and accurate spectrum sensing is one of the most important functions in a cognitive radio (CR) seeking to use the licensed but unoccupied spectrum segments. In this paper, we present a fully integrated CMOS receiver with a CR spectrum sensing capability in the UHF band. We propose multi-resolution spectrum sensing (MRSS), which is a digitally-assisted analog energy detection technique. Without using bulky analog filters, detection bandwidth can be flexibly controlled by correlating the received analog signals with window signal generated by built-in digital window generator. The integrated chip has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-mu mm CMOS technology, and has achieved 32 dB of detection dynamic range with minimum detection sensitivity of -74 dBm by using a 100-kHz cos(4) window.ope

Chemical characteristics of long-range-transported fine particulate matter at Gosan, Jeju Island, in the spring and fall of 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2012

<div><p>Carbonaceous species (organic carbon [OC] and elemental carbon [EC]) and inorganic ions of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) were measured to investigate the chemical characteristics of long-range-transported (LTP) PM_2.5 at Gosan, Jeju Island, in Korea in the spring and fall of 2008–2012 (excluding 2010). On average, the non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate (4.2 µg/m³) was the most dominant species in the spring, followed by OC (2.6 µg/m³), nitrate (2.1 µg/m³), ammonium (1.7 µg/m³), and EC (0.6 µg/m³). In the fall, the nss-sulfate (4.7 µg/m³) was also the most dominant species, followed by OC (4.0 µg/m³), ammonium (1.7 µg/m³), nitrate (1.1 µg/m³), and EC (0.7 µg/m³). Both sulfate and OC were higher in the fall than in the spring, possibly due to more common northwest air masses (i.e., coming from China and Korea polluted areas) and more frequent biomass burnings in the fall. There was no clear difference in the EC between the spring and fall. The correlation between OC and EC was not strong; thus, the OC measured at Gosan was likely transported across a long distance and was not necessarily produced in a manner similar to the EC. Distinct types of LTP events (i.e., sulfate-dominant LTP versus OC-dominant LTP) were observed. In the sulfate-dominant LTP events, air masses directly arrived at Gosan without passing over the Korean Peninsula from the industrial area of China within 48 hr. During these events, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) increased to 1.63. Ionic balance data suggest that the long-range transported aerosols are acidic. In the OC-dominant LTP event, a higher residence time of air masses in Korea was observed (the air masses departing from the mainland of China arrived at the sampling site after passing Korea within 60–80 hr).</p><p>Implications: <i>In Northeast Asia, various natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to the complex chemical components and affect local/regional air quality and climate change. Chemical characteristics of long-range-transported (LTP) PM_2.5 were investigated during spring and fall of 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2012. Based on air mass types, sulfate-dominant LTP and OC-dominant LTP were observed. A long-term variation and chemical characteristics of PM_2.5 along with air mass and satellite data are required to better understand long-range-transported aerosols.</i></p></div