Univariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for severe pneumonia among children aged below five years in Mwanza.

<p>Univariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for severe pneumonia among children aged below five years in Mwanza.</p

Comparison of baseline characteristics of 117 patients recruited into the study as cases and controls¹.

<p>Comparison of baseline characteristics of 117 patients recruited into the study as cases and controls<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160804#t001fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Multiple logistic regression analysis of risk factors for severe pneumonia among children aged below five years in Mwanza¹.

<p>Multiple logistic regression analysis of risk factors for severe pneumonia among children aged below five years in Mwanza<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160804#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Clinical characteristics of 117 patients recruited into the study as cases and controls¹^, ².

<p>Clinical characteristics of 117 patients recruited into the study as cases and controls<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160804#t002fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>^, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160804#t002fn002" target="_blank">²</a>.</p

Mean serum 25(OH)D among 355 neighbourhood controls (NHc) and 1250 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients at the year and quarter (Q) of examination.

<p>Two cases from first quarter of 2006 and seven from 2009 not shown.</p

Correlates of serum 25(OH)D in 1250 pulmonary TB patients and 355 neighbourhood with regression coefficient B, 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-values¹.

1<p>Pulmonary TB status was based on culture, except where culture data were not available. For 355 consecutively recruited sputum positive TB patients a control was randomly selected among individuals with same sex and age from the neighbourhood. Age, and quarter and year of recruitment were adjusted for in both models.</p>2<p>Model 1: N = 1540, adjusted R2 = 0.206 and intercept = 112.1 (95% CI: 105.1; 119.2).</p>3<p>Model 2: N = 1537, adjusted R2 = 0.212 and intercept = 110.4 (95% CI: 103.3; 117.5).</p

Serum 25(OH)D in 1250 pulmonary TB patients and 355 neighbourhood controls by categories of sex, age, body mass index, pulmonary TB and HIV status and elevated acute phase reactants¹.

1<p>Pulmonary TB status was based on culture, except where culture data were not available. For 355 consecutively recruited sputum positive TB patients a control was randomly selected among individuals with same sex and age from the neighbourhood. Serum 25(OH)D data were available on 1570, but n may sum up to less, due to missing data.</p>2<p>Based on sex-specific percentiles among the neighbourhood controls.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to HIV status.

*<p>p-value for difference between HIV-negative and HIV–positive patients. IQR: Inter-quartile range.</p>†<p>Smear grade by sputum microscopy: 0 (no acid fast bacilli [AFB] on smear), 1–9 (exact number of AFB per 100 fields), 1+ (10–99 AFB per 100 fields), 2+ (1–10 AFB per field) and 3+ (more than 10 AFB per field).</p

QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-tube results for all study participants and according to HIV status.

<p>QFT-IT: QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-tube test.</p>*<p>p-value for difference between HIV-negative and HIV–positive patients.</p

Antigen dependent and mitogen induced absolute IFN-γ levels by QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-tube test result in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients respectively.

<p>Horisontal lines represent medians. Dotted lines represent the applied cut-off values as recommended by the manufacturer: 0.35 IU/ml for antigen (ESAT-6, CFP-10, TB7.7) dependent IFN-γ production and 0.50 IU/ml for mitogen (PHA) induced IFN-γ production respectively. The assay is not able to quantify values above 10 IU/ml why values above this limit were assigned the value 10 IU/ml. No significant differences in median levels between HIV-positive and HIV-negative were observed.</p