Summary of the population from CARDIA included in the present analysis.

<p>Summary of the population from CARDIA included in the present analysis.</p

Adjusted loss of FVC and FEV₁ from year 5 to year 20 across race-sex specific quartiles of year 7 fibrinogen and CRP as well as linear regression coefficients for fibrinogen and log-transformed CRP as continuous variables.^*

<p>*Adjusted for center, race-sex group, age, age-squared, height, and height-squared at year 20 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0011431#pone.0011431-Hankinson1" target="_blank">[19]</a>, BMI at the time of fibrinogen or CRP measurement, change in waist circumference from year 7 to year 20, cumulative pack-years of cigarette smoking, and year 5 lung function.</p>†<p>Multivariable linear regression coefficient for the prediction of change in lung function from year 5 to year 20 by year 7 fibrinogen or CRP</p

Spearman rank correlation coefficients between year 7 and year 20 fibrinogen and CRP measurements.^*

<p>*P<0.001 for each correlation coefficient shown.</p

Characteristics of the subjects included in this analysis at the time of fibrinogen and CRP (year 7) measurement.^a

a<p>Fibrinogen expressed in mg/dL, CRP expressed in µg/mL.</p

Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for COPD using the GOLD definition (FEV₁/FVC ≤0.70) at year 20 across race- and sex-specific quartiles of year 7 CRP and per standard deviation of CRP stratified by pack-years cigarette exposure.^*

<p>*Adjusted for center, cigarettes/day, and BMI at the time of CRP measurement, and waist circumference and cumulative pack-years of cigarette exposure at the time of spirometry.</p>†<p>Adjusted odds ratio for COPD per standard deviation of log-transformed year 7 CRP.</p>‡<p>Number of year 20 COPD cases in each smoking stratum.</p

Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for FEV₁ or FVC less than 80% predicted, COPD using the GOLD definition (FEV₁/FVC ≤0.70) or a non-specific spirometry abnormality (FEV₁ and FVC <80% with FEV₁/FVC >0.70) at year 20 across race- and sex-specific quartiles of year 7 fibrinogen and CRP and per standard deviation of fibrinogen or log-transformed CRP.^*

<p>*Adjusted for center, cigarettes/d, BMI at the time of fibrinogen and CRP measurement, and waist circumference and cumulative pack-years of cigarette exposure at the time of spirometry.</p>†<p>Adjusted odds ratio per standard deviation of year 7 fibrinogen or log-transformed CRP.</p>‡<p>Test for CRP x pack-years cigarette exposure interaction significant (<i>P</i> = 0.005).</p

Relationship between age, lung function and quartile of fibrinogen or CRP (measured at year 7).

<p>Spirometry exams performed at CARDIA visits at years 5, 10, and 20 were used to determine a mean lung function for each 2 year age group across year 7 CRP or fibrinogen quartiles, and slopes compared between the highest and lowest quartile groups. For both fibrinogen and CRP, the age-related decline in FVC was significantly different between quartiles 1 and 4. There were no significant differences in the FEV₁ across CRP or fibrinogen quartiles.Covariates in the model include race-sex group, exam year, pack-years of cigarette exposure, and time-dependent age, time-dependent height and height-squared, and year 5 waist circumference and time-dependent change in waist circumference.</p

Baseline associations between FEV₁ and smoking, stratified by African ancestry, among smokers with quality spirometry and no pulmonary disease in the Health ABC study.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: SE  =  standard error; mm  =  millimeter.</p><p>Observations with standardized residuals > 2.5 were removed. Median African ancestry is 80.8%, estimated from 1332 ancestry informative markers.</p><p><i>P</i> value for interaction for percent African ancestry*smoking pack-years = 0.17, estimated from full model.</p

Baseline demographic characteristics of 1,281 African Americans participating in the Health ABC study.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: BMI  =  body mass index; FEV₁  =  forced expiratory volume at one second; FVC  =  forced vital capacity.</p><p>Categorical and continuous variables were assessed with chi-square test and two-sample t-test, respectively.</p>†<p>among ever smokers only.</p>‡<p>among current smokers only.</p

Baseline associations between FEV₁ and African ancestry, stratified by smoking status, among African Americans with quality spirometry and no pulmonary disease in the Health ABC study.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: SE  =  standard error; mm  =  millimeter.</p><p>Observations with standardized residuals >2.5 were removed.</p><p><i>P</i> value for interaction for percent African ancestry*smoking status = 0.38, estimated from full model.</p>†<p>African ancestry is coded as a continuous variable.</p