Univariate and multivariate analysis for factors affecting fever duration during the early transplant period of tandem HDCT/auto-SCT.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analysis for factors affecting fever duration during the early transplant period of tandem HDCT/auto-SCT.</p

Etiology of bacterial infection.

<p>Etiology of bacterial infection.</p

Transplantation characteristics.

<p>Transplantation characteristics.</p

Differences in infectious complications during the early transplant period of tandem HDCT/Auto-SCT.

<p>Differences in infectious complications during the early transplant period of tandem HDCT/Auto-SCT.</p

Respiratory virus infections during the early transplant period of tandem HDCT/auto-SCT.

<p>Number of isolates and respiratory symptoms for each respiratory virus during the first (A) and second (B) HDCT/auto-SCT. (C) The high-risk RV group had a higher incidence of LRTI than the low-risk RV group (43.5% versus 10.0%, p = 0.005). HDCT/auto-SCT, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation; URI, upper respiratory infection; LRTI, lower tract respiratory infection; RhV, rhinovirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; CoV, coronavirus; PIV, parainfluenza virus; IV, influenza virus; AdV, adenovirus; RV, respiratory virus.</p

MCP-1 and SDF-1 expression levels in ischemic lesions according to the time after MCAo.

<p>(A) Expression level of MCP-1 was higher in brain extracts obtained from both cortex and striatum at 1 day after MCAo than in those at 4 or 7 days after MCAo (*<i>P</i> < 0.01). (B) In comparison, the SDF-1 concentration was higher at 4 or 7 days after MCAo than the concentration at 1 day after MCAo in striatum (*<i>P</i> < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the SDF-1 concentration according to the time from MCAo in cortex (n = 4 for each group). MCP-1 indicates monocyte chemotactic protein-1; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1; MCAo, middle cerebral artery occlusion.</p

Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) results according to the time after MCAo.

<p>The mNSS was lower in the D1 group compared to the control (PBS group), D4, or D7 groups at each time point 14 days after MCAo (*<i>P</i> < 0.05) (n = 7 per group). MCAo indicates middle cerebral artery occlusion.</p

<i>In vitro</i> migration assay using a transwell system with brain extracts obtained from cortex and striatum at 1, 4, and 7 days after MCAo.

<p>(A and B) Transwell migration of MSCs with brain extracts obtained from ischemic region (a-c and e-f) was more prominent than without brain extract (d and h). Transwell migration of MSCs was more prominent with brain extract obtained from cortex at 1 day after MCAo (a) than with those obtained at 4 (b) or 7 (c) days after MCAo. However, transwell migration with brain extract obtained from striatum at 1 day after MCAo (e) was lower than with those obtained at 4 (f) or 7 (g) days after MCAo (*<i>P</i> < 0.05) (n = 5 for each time point). MSCs indicates mesenchymal stem cells; MCAo, middle cerebral artery occlusion.</p

Study design.

<p>MSCs were transplanted to the experimental groups at 1, 4, and 7 days after MCAo. Each of these three groups was referred to as the D1, D4, and D7 groups. mNSS indicates modified neurological severity score; MCAo, middle cerebral artery occlusion.</p

Gene Expression Profiles of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Modified by Cell Culture Density

<div><p>Previous studies conducted cell expansion <i>ex vivo</i> using low initial plating densities for optimal expansion and subsequent differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, MSC populations are heterogeneous and culture conditions can affect the characteristics of MSCs. In this study, differences in gene expression profiles of adipose tissue (AT)-derived MSCs were examined after harvesting cells cultured at different densities. AT-MSCs from three different donors were plated at a density of 200 or 5,000 cells/cm². After 7 days in culture, detailed gene expression profiles were investigated using a DNA chip microarray, and subsequently validated using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Gene expression profiles were influenced primarily by the level of cell confluence at harvest. In MSCs harvested at ∼90% confluence, 177 genes were up-regulated and 102 genes down-regulated relative to cells harvested at ∼50% confluence (<i>P</i><0.05, FC>2). Proliferation-related genes were highly expressed in MSCs harvested at low density, while genes that were highly expressed in MSCs harvested at high density (∼90% confluent) were linked to immunity and defense, cell communication, signal transduction and cell motility. Several cytokine, chemokine and growth factor genes involved in immunosuppression, migration, and reconstitution of damaged tissues were up-regulated in MSCs harvested at high density compared with MSCs harvested at low density. These results imply that cell density at harvest is a critical factor for modulating the specific gene-expression patterns of heterogeneous MSCs.</p></div